Modulation of anticipatory brain activity as a function of action complexity.

Stimulus-driven actions are preceded by preparatory brain activity that can be expressed by event-related potentials (ERP). Literature on this topic has focused on simple actions, such as the finger keypress, finding activity in frontal, parietal, and occipital areas detectable up to two seconds before the stimulus onset. Little is known about the preparatory brain activity when the action complexity increases, and specific brain areas designated to achieve movement integration intervene.

Electrophysiological indexes of the cognitive-motor trade-off associated with motor response complexity in a cognitive task.

Complex actions require more cognitive and motor control than simple ones. Literature shows that to face complexity, the brain must make a compromise between available resources usually giving priority to motor control. However, literature has minimally explored the effect of the motor response complexity on brain processing associated with cognitive tasks.

Investigation of the protective effect of against the damage caused by Bisphenol A in the liver tissue of rats.

The present study aims to explore the hepatoprotective potential of Lavandula stoechas (LS) against Bisphenol A (BPA)-induced liver toxicity. In this experiment, 32 male rats were utilized and categorized into control, LS, BPA, and BPA + LS groups for the study. Each group received 50 mg/kg of the respective substance.

To prescribe or not: a two-center retrospective observational study of antibiotics usage and outcomes of COVID-19 in Turkey.

This retrospective cohort study conducted in Turkey between December 2020 and June 2022 aimed to assess antibiotic use, bacterial co-infections, and the associated factors on mortality in hospitalized patients with mild-to-severe COVID-19. Among the 445 patients, 80% received antibiotics, with fluoroquinolones being the most common choice, followed by beta-lactams and combinations. Various clinical and laboratory parameters, including symptoms, comorbidities, CCI, oxygen requirements, and CRP levels were observed to be elevated in the antibiotic group.

Effects of a Virtual Reality Reaction Training Protocol on Physical and Cognitive Skills of Young Adults and Their Neural Correlates: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study.

Increasing evidence shows that virtual reality (VR) training is highly effective in cognitive and motor rehabilitation. Another modern form of training is cognitive-motor dual-task training (CMDT), which has been demonstrated to rapidly improve physical and cognitive functions in real environments. This study aims to test whether a VR-based CMDT protocol can be used for motor and cognitive skill enhancement in young, healthy subjects.

Preclinical proof of principle for orally delivered Th17 antagonist miniproteins.

Interleukin (IL)-23 and IL-17 are well-validated therapeutic targets in autoinflammatory diseases. Antibodies targeting IL-23 and IL-17 have shown clinical efficacy but are limited by high costs, safety risks, lack of sustained efficacy, and poor patient convenience as they require parenteral administration. Here, we present designed miniproteins inhibiting IL-23R and IL-17 with antibody-like, low picomolar affinities at a fraction of the molecular size.

Factors and Processes Facilitating Recovery from Coercion in Mental Health Services-A Meta-Ethnography.

Background: Being subjected to or witnessing coercive measures in mental health services can have a negative impact on service users, carers and professionals, as they most often are experienced as dehumanising and traumatic. Coercion should be avoided, but when it does happen, it is important to understand how the experience can be processed so that its consequences are managed.

Method: A systematic review and meta-ethnography was used to synthesise findings from qualitative studies that examined service users', staff's and relatives' experiences of recovery from being exposed to coercive measures in mental health care settings.

Bayesian interpretation of the prefrontal P2 ERP component based on stimulus/response mapping uncertainty.

The brain can be seen as a predictive system continuously computing prior information to guess posterior probabilities minimizing sources of uncertainty. To test this Bayesian view of the brain, event-related potentials (ERP) methods have been used focusing on the well-known P3 component, traditionally associated with decision-making processes and sources of uncertainty regarding target probability. Another ERP component linked with decision-making is the prefrontal P2 (pP2) component, which has never been considered within the Bayesian framework.

A Nonpharmacologic Treatment for Anxiety in Older Adults Based on Cognitive-Motor Training With Response-Generated Feedback.

Objectives: Simultaneous combinations of cognitive and physical exercises (cognitive-motor dual-task training [CMDT]) are more effective than physical and cognitive training alone in counteracting the decline of older adults and promoting physical and psychological well-being. The CMDT can be particularly effective in improving cognitive and functional abilities. Here, we validated an innovative nonpharmacologic intervention for anxiety and general well-being in older people by combining CMDT and response-generated feedback (RGF) principles.

Motor-cognitive exercise with variability of practice and feedback improves functional ability and cognition in older individuals.

Background: Motor-cognitive dual-task training seems the most favorable form of exercise for functional and cognitive improvements in older individuals.  The optimal exercise regime is still uncertain, and the potential benefits of qualitative parameters of exercise prescription such as feedback provision and practice variability are mostly unknown.

Aims: To verify the effects of a motor-cognitive dual-task training with feedback provision and variability of practice for improving functional ability and cognition in older individuals.

COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance, Trust in Vaccine, Anxiety Levels, and Related Factors in Turkish Society.

Background: Vaccine acceptance and trust in vaccines pose a complex process affected by many factors. The present study was conducted to determine coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine acceptance, trust in vaccines, anxiety levels, and related factors in Turkish society.

Methods: The data of this cross-sectional and descriptive-correlational study were collected with the snowball method by using an online questionnaire throughout Turkey.

Advancing dentistry: fractal assessment of bone health in pediatric patients with celiac disease using dental images.

Objectives: To assess the effects of a gluten-free diet on bone structure in children with celiac disease using fractal analysis on panoramic radiographs.

Method And Materials: A total of 49 patients with celiac disease aged 6 to 13 years, separated into two groups as previously and newly diagnosed, and a control group of 32 healthy individuals were evaluated. In previously and newly diagnosed patients with celiac disease, body mass index Z-scores were calculated, calcium, alkaline phosphatase, vitamin D3, and parathormone levels were measured, and bone mineral density Z-scores were obtained from dual energy x-ray absorptiometry.

Sex Differences in Cognitive-Motor Dual-Task Training Effects and in Brain Processing of Semi-Elite Basketball Players.

In the current study, we aimed at evaluating the possible sex differences in cognitive-motor dual-task training (CMDT) effects on the sport and cognitive performance of semi-elite basketball athletes. Moreover, we investigated the CMDT effects on proactive brain processing using event-related potential (ERP) analysis. Fifty-two young basketball athletes (age 16.

Effect of anticipatory multisensory integration on sensory-motor performance.

Multisensory integration (MSI) is a phenomenon that occurs in sensory areas after the presentation of multimodal stimuli. Nowadays, little is known about the anticipatory top-down processes taking place in the preparation stage of processing before the stimulus onset. Considering that the top-down modulation of modality-specific inputs might affect the MSI process, this study attempts to understand whether the direct modulation of the MSI process, beyond the well-known sensory effects, may lead to additional changes in multisensory processing also in non-sensory areas (i.

Microbiological and clinical characteristics of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 infection and risk factors for severe outcome: A multicenter observational study.

Background/purpose: Serotype 3 has persisted to be an important cause of invasive pneumococcal disease in adults in the post-vaccine era. We aimed to investigate clinical and microbiological characteristics of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 infection in Taiwan and identify the risk factors associated with severe clinical outcome.

Methods: A multicenter observational study was conducted to analyze serotype 3 isolates collected between 2012 and 2021.

The Dominance of Anticipatory Prefrontal Activity in Uncued Sensory-Motor Tasks.

Anticipatory event-related potentials (ERPs) precede upcoming events such as stimuli or actions. These ERPs are usually obtained in cued sensory-motor tasks employing a warning stimulus that precedes a probe stimulus as in the contingent negative variation (CNV) paradigms. The CNV wave has been widely studied, from clinical to brain-computer interface (BCI) applications, and has been shown to emerge in medial frontoparietal areas, localized in the cingulate and supplementary motor areas.

Turkish validity and reliability study of "Nursing Students' perceptions of Clinical Stressors Scale".

Background: Clinical education is a significant part of nursing education, but students frequently perceive it as stressful. There is no valid and reliable scale to determine the clinical stressor perceptions of nursing students in Turkey.

Objective: The study aims to adapt the "Nursing Students' Clinical Stressor Perceptions Scale" (NSPCSS) into Turkish and perform its validity and reliability study for nursing students.

Experiences and Psychosocial Difficulties of Frontline Health Care Workers Struggling With COVID-19 in Turkey: A Qualitative Study.

Aim: This study was performed to explore the experiences and the psychosocial difficulties faced by nurses and physicians involved in the treatment and care for COVID-19 adult patients in the intensive care unit.

Method: The interpretative phenomenological approach was used, and the data were gathered between June and July, 2020 in Rize using face-to-face interviews. The sample consisted of 10 nurses and 5 physicians.