'Disc degeneration in distal unfused segments: cause or consequence of adding-on after posterior fusion of lenke 3c, 5c, 6c adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?'.

Background: The aim of this study is to examine the association between adding-on (AO) and disc degeneration(DD) of distal unfused levels in Lenke 3 C, 5 C, 6 C adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients with a follow-up of at least two years by comparing preoperative and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: 47 AIS patients (32 females and 15 males) with structural thoracolumbar/lumbar (TL/L) curves treated with long segment thoracolumbar fusion were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were divided into two groups according to the occurrence of the AO (AO and Non-AO groups).

New interlocking intramedullary nail for treating acute midshaft clavicular fractures in adults: A retrospective study.

Background: The aim of this study was to retrospectively examine the radiological and functional results of midshaft clavicle fractures that were treated with a new, interlocking intramedullary nail, and employing a different locking option.

Methods: Between January 2018 and January 2020, 24 displaced midshaft clavicle fractures were operated with new, interlocking intramedullary nail. Fractures were classified according to the AO/orthopedic trauma association classification, according to which there were 22 15.

Comparison of the functional and radiological outcomes of vascularized and non-vascularized bone graft options in the treatment of scaphoid nonunion.

Objectives: This study aims to compare the functional and radiological outcomes of the patients with scaphoid waist nonunion treated with non-vascularized bone graft and vascularized bone graft options.

Patients And Methods: Between January 2016 and February 2020, a total of 24 patients (22 males, 2 females; mean age: 30.6±9.

The Characterization of Sex Differences in Hypoglycemia-Induced Activation of HPA Axis on the Transcriptomic Level.

Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis using an insulin tolerance test (ITT) is a medical diagnostic procedure that is frequently used in humans to assess the HPA and growth-hormone (GH) axes. Whether sex differences exist in the response to ITT stress is unknown. Thus, investigations into the analysis of transcripts during activation of the HPA axis in response to hypoglycemia have revealed the underlying influences of sex in signaling pathways that stimulate the HPA axis.

Altered Global mRNA Expressions of Pain and Aggression Related Genes in the Blood of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by repetitive stereotypic behaviors, restricted interests, social withdrawal, and communication deficits. Aggression and insensitivity to pain are largely unexplained in these cases. We analyzed nine mRNA expressions of the candidate genes related to aggression and insensitivity to pain in the peripheral blood of patients with ASD.