The Facts and Myths for the Use of Lasers in Orthopedic Surgery.

For the past three decades, laser use has been investigated, mainly on implant applications, as well as hard and soft tissue processing on orthopedics. However, despite significant technological advances and achievements in Biophotonics, lasers have yet to emerge as a successful tool for hard-tissue manipulation (e.g.

Requirements for Designing an Effective Metallic Nanoparticle (NP)-Boosted Radiation Therapy (RT).

Many different tumor-targeted strategies are under development worldwide to limit the side effects and improve the effectiveness of cancer therapies. One promising method is to enhance the radiosensitization of the cancer cells while reducing or maintaining the normal tissue complication probability during radiation therapy using metallic nanoparticles (NPs). Radiotherapy with MV photons is more commonly available and applied in cancer clinics than high LET particle radiotherapy, so the addition of high-Z NPs has the potential to further increase the efficacy of photon radiotherapy in terms of NP radiosensitization.

Combined radiation strategies for novel and enhanced cancer treatment.

Numerous studies focus on cancer therapy worldwide, and although many advances have been recorded, the complexity of the disease dictates thinking out of the box to confront it. This study reviews some of the currently available ionizing (IR) and non-ionizing radiation (NIR)-based treatment methods and explores their possible combinations that lead to synergistic, multimodal approaches with promising therapeutic outcomes. Traditional techniques, like radiotherapy (RT) show decent results, although they cannot spare 100% the healthy tissues neighboring with the cancer ones.

Probing the Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Young's Modulus of Human Erythrocytes Cytoskeleton using Atomic Force Microscopy.

Purpose/aim: In this work, we examined the possible effects of ionizing radiation (IR) on biomechanical properties of the membrane-cytoskeleton of human erythrocytes, after X-ray irradiation.

Materials And Methods: Whole human blood from three healthy middle-aged volunteers was drawn by venipuncture and stored in tubes containing anticoagulant. Six blood samples were collected for each volunteer.

Computational study of necrotic areas in rat liver tissue treated with photodynamic therapy.

Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an alternative treatment method for liver metastatic cancer worth exploring.

Methods: This study implements a computational model of metastatic rat liver tissue subjected to superficial irradiation, after administration of 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(3-hydroxyphenyl)chlorine (mTHPC). Spatial and temporal distributions of fundamental PDT dosimetric parameters are presented, along with calculation of necrotic distance and necrotic area percentage.

Assessment of singlet oxygen dosimetry concepts in photodynamic therapy through computational modeling.

Background: In photodynamic therapy (PDT) oxygen plays a vital role in killing tumor cells. Therefore oxygen dosimetry is being thoroughly studied.

Methods: Light distribution into tissue is modelled for radiation-induced fibrosarcoma (RIF) and nodular basal cell carcinoma (nBCC), in order to study the influence of blood flow on singlet oxygen concentration effectively leading to cell death ([O]) from PDT, within this light distribution.

Recent Advances in Cancer Therapy Based on Dual Mode Gold Nanoparticles.

Many tumor-targeted strategies have been used worldwide to limit the side effects and improve the effectiveness of therapies, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy (RT), etc. Biophotonic therapy modalities comprise very promising alternative techniques for cancer treatment with minimal invasiveness and side-effects. These modalities use light e.

Measurements of liposome biomechanical properties by combining line optical tweezers and dielectrophoresis.

Liposomes are well-known cell simulators and are currently studied as drug delivery systems, for a targeted delivery of higher drug concentrations, in specific cells. Novel biophotonic techniques for manipulation and characterization of liposomes have been developed; among which are optical tweezers. In our work, we demonstrate a novel use of line optical tweezers to manipulate and cause liposome deformations.

Dynamic model of thermal reaction of biological tissues to laser-induced fluorescence and photodynamic therapy.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the temperature fields and the dynamics of heat conduction into the skin tissue under several laser irradiation conditions with both a pulsed ultraviolet (UV) laser (λ=337  nm) and a continuous-wave (cw) visible laser beam (λ=632.8  nm) using Monte Carlo modeling. Finite-element methodology was used for heat transfer simulation.

Development and characterization of oligonucleotide-tagged dye-encapsulating EPC/DPPG liposomes.

Liposomes applications in health care include meanly their ability to carry drugs and genes inside the human body for therapeutic purposes. Nevertheless their applicability can extend far beyond and could be used as analytical tools in order to perform rapid, low-cost, sensitive and specific analyses. Their physical characteristics, such as large internal volume and extended surface area, render them ideal for these applications and specifically for improving the specificity and sensitivity of the analytical assay.

Atomic force microscopy: a tool to study the structure, dynamics and stability of liposomal drug delivery systems.

Much work has been done during the past few decades to develop effective drug delivery systems (DDS), many of which are based on nanotechnology science. Liposomes are the most attractive lipid vesicles for drug delivery. The multifunctional properties of liposomes have a key role in modifying the bioavailability profile of a therapeutic agent.

Evaluation of trapping efficiency of optical tweezers by dielectrophoresis.

A relatively new method for measuring optically induced forces on microparticles and cells, different from the conventional Brownian motion and viscous drag force calibration methods widely used, is introduced. It makes use of the phenomenon of dielectrophoresis for the calibration of optical tweezers through the dielectrophoretic force calculations. A pair of microelectrodes is fabricated by photolithography on a microscope slide and it is connected to a high-frequency generator.

Q-switched versus free-running Er:YAG laser efficacy on the root canal walls of human teeth: a SEM study.

Twenty-one teeth with one root canal were prepared by the step-back technique, divided into three groups, and split longitudinally. Group A served as a control. In group B, 20 to 150 pulses of 100 micros, 30 to 70 mJ per pulse at 1 to 4 Hz from a free-running Er:YAG laser were applied to the root-canal dentin.