Feasibility of an allied health led, workplace delivered Long COVID service for hospital staff: a mixed-methods study.

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a workplace-delivered outpatient multidisciplinary service (ReCOV) for staff experiencing post COVID-19 condition ('Long COVID'). Methods A mixed-methods study of staff at a large, tertiary hospital with Long COVID who attended the service was conducted. Participants completed questionnaires to determine baseline symptoms and were offered allied health appointments for up to 12weeks each based on clinical indication.

Recovering from COVID-19 (ReCOV): Feasibility of an Allied-Health-Led Multidisciplinary Outpatient Rehabilitation Service for People with Long COVID.

Background: A multidisciplinary approach is required for the management of long COVID. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility (demand, implementation, practicality, acceptability, and limited efficacy) of an allied-health-led multidisciplinary symptom management service (ReCOV) for long COVID.

Methods: A single-group observational cohort feasibility study was conducted to determine demand (referrals), acceptability (survey), implementation (waitlist times, health professions seen), practicality (adverse events), and limited efficacy (admission and discharge scores from the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Scale, Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ), Patient Health Questionnaire, and EuroQol 5D-5L).

The compounding effects of high pollen limitation, selfing rates and inbreeding depression leave a New Zealand tree with few viable offspring.

Background And Aims: Interactions between species are especially sensitive to environmental changes. The interaction between plants and pollinators is of particular interest given the potential current global decline in pollinators. Reduced pollinator services can be compensated for in some plant species by self-pollination.

Development and testing of a theory-based behavioural change intervention: a pilot investigation in a nursery school in a deprived area of Scotland.

Objective: Investigate the effect of a theory-based intervention on oral-health knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of early years staff (EYS), parents and nursery children.

Methods: Qualitative research with staff and parents from eight nurseries through interviews/focus groups. An intervention was developed and piloted using pre-posttest design.

Two-year combination antibiotic therapy with clarithromycin, rifabutin, and clofazimine for Crohn's disease.

Background & Aims: Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis has been proposed as a cause of Crohn's disease. We report a prospective, parallel, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial of 2 years of clarithromycin, rifabutin, and clofazimine in active Crohn's disease, with a further year of follow-up.

Methods: Two hundred thirteen patients were randomized to clarithromycin 750 mg/day, rifabutin 450 mg/day, clofazimine 50 mg/day or placebo, in addition to a 16-week tapering course of prednisolone.

An investigation of the relationship between untreated decayed teeth and dental sepsis in 5-year-old children.

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of dental sepsis in 5-year-old children in Scotland and the relationship between sepsis, treated and untreated decayed teeth, oral cleanliness (visible plaque on anterior teeth) and socio-economic deprivation.

Subjects And Methods: Six thousand, nine hundred and ninety-four children of mean age 5.3 years were examined as part of a survey conducted under the Scottish Health Board's Dental Epidemiological Programme.

Allylic halogenation of unsaturated amino acids.

A range of dehydro amino acid derivatives has been prepared and subjected to halogenation using either molecular bromine or chlorine, or NBS. Allylic halogenation of the unsaturated amino acid side chains occurs through radical bromination with NBS. The procedure is complementary to treatment with chlorine, which also affords allyl halides.

A blind caries and fluorosis prevalence study of school-children in naturally fluoridated and nonfluoridated townships of Morayshire, Scotland.

Objectives: To undertake a blind caries and fluorosis prevalence study of Grade 1 (aged 5/6 yr) and Grade 4-7 (aged 8-12 yr) children from naturally water-fluoridated (1 ppm, since 1985) Burghead, Findhorn & Kinloss (F), and nearby nonfluoridated Buckie & Portessie (N-F), in rural Morayshire, Scotland.

Methods: A blind clinical (+ 10% repeats) caries study of the above townships' 5/6-yr-old lifetime (15 F; 43 N-F), and 8-12-yr-old lifetime (55 F; 136 N-F)/school-lifetime (31 F; 37 N-F) residents was undertaken following bussing of these children to a common examination site in close-by Elgin Town Hall. Initially, each child was asked about their own perception of the aesthetics of their maxillary front teeth.

Utilization of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and the response of the marine flagellate Isochrysis galbana to carbon or nitrogen stress.

The growth of the marine flagellate Isochrysis galbana was followed in batch cultures at four concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), from C- and N-replete lag phase into C- and/or N-deplete stationary phase. Organic buffers were omitted from the growth medium, and culture pH was maintained at 8.30±0.

Extracellular carbonic anhydrase facilitates carbon dioxide availability for photosynthesis in the marine dinoflagellate prorocentrum micans.

This study investigated inorganic carbon accumulation in relation to photosynthesis in the marine dinoflagellate Prorocentrum micans. Measurement of the internal inorganic carbon pool showed a 10-fold accumulation in relation to external dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). Dextran-bound sulfonamide (DBS), which inhibited extracellular carbonic anhydrase, caused more than 95% inhibition of DIC accumulation and photosynthesis.

Carbon dioxide-concentrating mechanism and the development of extracellular carbonic anhydrase in the marine picoeukaryote Micromonas pusilla.

A range of marine photosynthetic picoeukaryote phytoplankton species grown in culture were screened for the presence of extracellular carbonic anhydrase (CA ), a key enzyme in inorganic carbon acquisition under carbon- limiting conditions in some larger marine phytoplankton species. Of the species tested, extracellular carbonic anhydrase was detected only in Micromonas pusilla Butcher. The rapid, light-dependent development of CA when cells were transferred from carbon-replete to carbon-limiting conditions was regulated by the available free- CO concentration and not by total dissolved inorganic carbon.

Ileal pouch dialysate is cytotoxic to epithelial cell lines, but not to CaCo-2 monolayers.

Objective: All patients with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) have some degree of villous atrophy, mucin changes and chronic inflammation. The mechanism underlying these changes is unknown. This study investigates the hypothesis that luminal factor(s) may affect epithelial cells in in-vitro studies.

Ion accumulation in lucerne plants regenerated from salt-adapted suspension cultures compared with recultured cells from these plants.

Lucerne (Medicago media cv. Rambler) plants, regenerated from cell suspension cultures adapted to 200 mM NaCl, and cell cultures derived from the leaflets of regenerated plants showed enhanced Na exclusion compared with the unselected plants and cell cultures. There was a decrease in the K concentration in response to NaCl treatment but the selected plants and cell cultures maintained a significantly higher K concentration and showed much lower Na/K ratios than unselected plants and cell cultures.

Ileal pouches: adaptation and inflammation.

Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) has become the operation of choice following proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis (UC) and familial adenomatous polyposis. Functioning ileal pouch mucosa undergoes histological changes resembling the colon (colonic metaplasia). The possible role of stasis and luminal factors--bile acids, short-chain fatty acids and bacteria--are discussed.

Dissolved inorganic carbon utilization and the development of extracellular carbonic anhydrase by the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum.

The presence of extracellular carbonic anhydrase (CA) in relation to medium composition was investigated using cultures of the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin. Large-volume cultures, with low initial cell inocula were grown on ASP-2 (no dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), 550 μM NO ), f/2 (2-0 mM DIC, 880μM NO ) and modified f/2 (2.0 mM DIC, 20 μM NO media.

Intestinal permeability in the ileal pouch.

Background: Villous atrophy, mucin changes ('colonic metaplasia'), and chronic inflammation occur to varying degrees in all patients with ileal pouchanal anastomosis whereas acute inflammation (pouchitis) affects a subgroup of patients with prior ulcerative colitis.

Aim: To measure epithelial barrier function looking for possible functional adaptation in ileal 'pouch' mucosa.

Patients: Patients with an ileal pouch prior to ileostomy closure (n = 12), functioning pouch (n = 14), pouchitis (n = 8), and ulcerative colitis (n = 12) were assessed.

Smoking may prevent pouchitis in patients with restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis.

Epidemiological studies have shown an increased risk of ulcerative colitis (UC) in non-smokers and particularly recent ex-smokers. Patients with UC have an increased risk of pouchitis following ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, which may be a manifestation of the original disease susceptibility. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that smoking habit may influence the incidence of pouchitis.

5-Aminosalicylic acid inhibits the impaired epithelial barrier function induced by gamma interferon.

Gamma interferon (IFN gamma) impairs epithelial barrier function and induces HLA-DR expression on colonic cancer cell lines. Salicylates have been shown to reduce IFN gamma induced HLA-DR expression. The effect of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) on IFN gamma induced changes in transepithelial resistance and permeability was investigated in HT29 clone 19A and Caco 2 monolayers.

Expression of colonic antigens by goblet and columnar epithelial cells in ileal pouch mucosa: their association with inflammatory change and faecal stasis.

Aims: To investigate colonic metaplasia of goblet and columnar epithelial cells in ileal pouch mucosa; to correlate this with the degree of morphological and inflammatory change; and to assess whether such changes are related to the presence of faecal stasis.

Methods: Biopsy specimens of ileal pouch mucosa were taken from 31 patients (30 with ulcerative colitis, one with familial adenomatous polyposis) either before (eight patients) or after (23 patients) ileostomy closure. A simple morphological technique was used to assess changes in villous height.

Pouch-vaginal fistula after restorative proctocolectomy: aetiology and management.

Pouch-vaginal fistula is a rare complication following restorative proctocolectomy. Seven patients who developed such a fistula are presented. Six pouch-vaginal fistulas occurred at the level of the pouch-anal anastomosis and one 3 cm above the anastomosis, level with the posterior vaginal fornix.

Cyclosporin A retention enemas in refractory distal ulcerative colitis and 'pouchitis'.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of cyclosporin enemas in patients with distal ulcerative colitis and 'pouchitis' resistant to all conventional medical therapy. In an trial 12 patients with distal ulcerative colitis unresponsive to treatment with topical and oral corticosteroids, 5-aminosalicylic acid, and oral immunosuppressive therapy together with 1 patient with 'pouchitis' unresponsive to repeated courses of antibiotics, topical corticosteroids, and oral mesalazine received 250 mg cyclosporin administered daily as a retention enema. Changes in symptoms and the sigmoidoscopic/histologic appearances of the rectal mucosa were assessed at monthly intervals.

Immunological detection of nitric oxide synthase(s) in human tissues using heterologous antibodies suggesting different isoforms.

Nitric oxide (NO) is generated from L-arginine by NO synthases. Localization of the brain enzyme has been carried out in the rat; however, despite data suggesting that NO is a major regulator of vascular and neural functions in man, there is no information about the localization of NO synthase in human tissues. Rabbit antisera to NO synthase purified from rat brain (antisera A and B) were raised, tested by Western blotting, affinity purification and enzyme immunoprecipitation assay, and used to investigate the distribution of the enzyme in a variety of human tissues by immunohistochemistry.

Pig-bel but no pig: enteritis necroticans acquired in Australia.

Objective: To report a case of enteritis necroticans acquired in Australia, and to review the history, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, management and prevention of this disease.

Clinical Features: A 44-year-old diabetic and alcoholic restaurateur of Chinese-Malay origin, who had been living in Australia for over 20 years, was admitted to hospital with bloody diarrhoea which progressed to fulminant toxaemia and circulatory collapse, and ultimately required laparotomy. Typical pathological features and the isolation of Clostridium perfringens type C from faeces confirmed the diagnosis of enteritis necroticans.