Comparative analysis of human, rodent and snake deltavirus replication.

The recent discovery of Hepatitis D (HDV)-like viruses across a wide range of taxa led to the establishment of the Kolmioviridae family. Recent studies suggest that kolmiovirids can be satellites of viruses other than Hepatitis B virus (HBV), challenging the strict HBV/HDV-association dogma. Studying whether kolmiovirids are able to replicate in any animal cell they enter is essential to assess their zoonotic potential.

What to expect after revision shoulder arthroplasty? A comprehensive review of the literature.

The number of shoulder arthroplasties has increased tremendously over the last twenty years, creating a proportional increase in complications rates and revision. Shoulder arthroplasty surgeon should have a clear understanding of the reasons for failure based on the specific index procedure that was performed. The main challenge includes the need for component removal and managing glenoid and humeral bone defects.

BIO-RSA vs. metal-augmented baseplate in shoulder osteoarthritis with multiplanar glenoid deformity: a comparative study of radiographic findings and patient outcomes.

Background: Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) requiring extensive reaming to address severe glenoid bone loss increases the risk of glenoid medialization and baseplate failure. We hypothesized that (1) metal-augmented baseplate prevents the medialization of the joint line and preserves glenoid bone stock similarly to bony increased-offset (BIO)-RSA and (2) bone graft viability and healing in BIO-RSA patients become compromised over time.

Materials And Methods: Eighty-one patients (83 shoulders) underwent glenoid lateralization with bone (BIO-RSA group, 44) or metal-augmented baseplate (metallic increased-offset [MIO]-RSA group, 39) and a minimum follow-up of 24 months were included.

Shoulder Rehabilitation Exercises With Kinematic Biofeedback After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: Protocol for a New Integrated Rehabilitation Program.

Background: The recovery of scapular and humeral physiological kinematic parameters, as well as the sensorimotor control of movement, plays a primary role in the rehabilitation process after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. A highly customized rehabilitation approach is required to achieve this aim. Biofeedback can be a useful tool, but there is poor evidence of its application in the rehabilitation after arthroscopic rotator cuff tear repair.

Glenoid bone loss in anterior shoulder dislocation: a multicentric study to assess the most reliable imaging method.

Purpose: The aim of this multicentric study was to assess which imaging method has the best inter-reader agreement for glenoid bone loss quantification in anterior shoulder instability. A further aim was to calculate the inter-method agreement comparing bilateral CT with unilateral CT and MR arthrography (MRA) with CT measurements. Finally, calculations were carried out to find the least time-consuming method.

Pediatric elbow arthroscopy: clinical outcomes and complications after long-term follow-up.

Background: Elbow arthroscopy is becoming increasingly important for the treatment of a wide range of acute and chronic elbow pathologies. Even if elbow arthroscopy is technically demanding, in the pediatric population this minimally invasive technique is preferred by many surgeons for the treatment of pathologies such as osteochondritis dissecans (OCD), posttraumatic stiffness (PTS), or elbow posterior impingement (PI). The aim of this study is to evaluate outcomes and safety of elbow arthroscopy in the pediatric and adolescent population after long-term follow-up.

Implant sonication versus intraoperative tissue sample cultures for Periprosthetic Joint Infection (PJI) of Shoulder Arthroplasty.

Introduction Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is the most problematic complications after shoulder arthroplasty. Many diagnostic tools have been identified to find infection, such as hystopatologic examination of tissue sections or cultures of intraoperative tissue. Implant sonication fluid culture showed good results in order to enhance diagnostic accuracy, but literature results are still controversial.

A kinematic and electromyographic comparison of a Grammont-style reverse arthroplasty combined with a l'Episcopo transfer compared to a lateralized humeral component reverse for restoration of active external rotation.

Purpose: To assess kinematic and electromyographic findings of two designs of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA). We tested two hypotheses: (H) Grammont-style (RTSA) with l'Episcopo tendon transfer gains similar postoperative kinematic findings of a lateralized humeral component RTSA without a tendon transfer; (H) RTSA with lateralized humeral component induces earlier shoulder muscle activation during shoulder motion compared with standard Grammont prosthesis with l'Episcopo transfer.

Methods: Twenty-five patients with a cuff tear arthropathy, pseudoparalysis, and a positive dropping sign were sequentially included.

Failed Latarjet procedure: a systematic review of surgery revision options.

Background: Revision surgery after the Latarjet procedure is a rare and challenging surgical problem, and various bony or capsular procedures have been proposed. This systematic review examines clinical and radiographic outcomes of different procedures for treating persistent pain or recurrent instability after a Latarjet procedure.

Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed using the Medline, Cochrane, EMBASE, Google Scholar and Ovid databases with the combined keywords "failed", "failure", "revision", "Latarjet", "shoulder stabilization" and "shoulder instability" to identify articles published in English that deal with failed Latarjet procedures.

Acute elbow dislocation: comparison between magnetic resonance imaging and intra-operative finding of ligament injury.

Purpose: The aim of this current study was to assess elbow ligament tears after dislocation using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to correlate any pre-operative imaging with intra-operative findings of elbow ligament tears.

Methods: We prospectively included 32 patients with acute elbow dislocation investigated by MRI at a means of five days from dislocation. A simple elbow dislocation was diagnosed in 14 patients (44%); associated bone injuries were identified in 18 elbows (56%).

Shoulder arthroplasty to address the sequelae of anterior instability arthropathy and stabilization procedures: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Chronic anterior glenohumeral joint instability is a common situation and can lead to progressive cartilage deterioration and ultimately instability arthopathy. Progressive cartilage deterioration can occur despite conservative or surgical treatment and the sequelae of these conditions are often addressed with total shoulder arthroplasty. Aims of the present study were to analyze the available literature to describe the technical aspects of this particular operation and to report outcomes and complication rates.

Pre-operative factors affecting the indications for anatomical and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty in primary osteoarthritis and outcome comparison in patients aged seventy years and older.

Background: We evaluated the pre-operative factors affecting anatomical and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA and RTSA) indications in primary osteoarthritis and compared outcomes in patients aged 70 years and older.

Methods: Fifty-eight patients received a TSA with an all-polyethylene glenoid component (APGC) or an RTSA with/without glenoid lateralization and the same curved short-stem humeral component. Active anterior and lateral elevation (AAE, ALE), internal and external rotation (IR, ER), pain, and the Constant-Murley score (CS) were recorded pre and post-operatively.

Isolated displaced type II partial articular radial head fracture: correlation of preoperative imaging with intraoperative findings of lateral ulnar collateral ligament tear.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL) injury associated with isolated radial head fracture (RHF) and the relationship of the ligament injury with the displacement of the fragment-loss of contact-in unstable displaced partial articular RHF in individuals without any history of ulnohumeral dislocation.

Methods: We retrospectively identified 131 consecutive patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation of isolated closed Mason type II RHF performed at our institution. We identified 3 subsets by the pattern of RHF and the position of the unstable fragment (anterior or posterior) relative to the capitulum humeri: displaced stable (group I), displaced anterior unstable (group II), and displaced posterior unstable (group III).

Irreparable rotator cuff tears: challenges and solutions.

Irreparable rotator cuff tears are common conditions seen by shoulder surgeons, characterized by a torn and retracted tendon associated with muscle atrophy and impaired mobility. Direct fixation of the torn tendon is not possible due to the retracted tendon and lack of healing potential which result in poor outcome. Several treatment options are viable but correct indication is mandatory for a good result, pain improvement, and restoration of shoulder function.

One and two-year clinical outcomes for a polyethylene glenoid with a fluted peg: one thousand two hundred seventy individual patients from eleven centers.

Purpose: Clinical shoulder science lacks a benchmark against which the early clinical value of new glenoid components can be compared; such a benchmark may be derived from a multicenter study of patients receiving an established, internationally used design of glenoid component.

Methods: We obtained data from 11 centers on 1270 patients having total shoulder arthroplasty using an all-polyethylene component with a fluted central peg. We analyzed individual patient outcomes at 1 and 2 years after surgery.

Functional outcomes and clinical strength assessment after infraspinatus-sparing surgical approach to scapular fracture: Does it really make a difference?

Background: Surgical treatment of scapular fractures with posterior approach is frequently associated with postoperative infraspinatus hypotrophy and weakness. The aim of this retrospective study is to compare infraspinatus strength and functional outcomes in patients treated with the classic Judet versus modified Judet approach for scapular fracture.

Patients And Methods: 20 cases with scapular neck and body fracture treated with posterior approach for lateral border plate fixation were reviewed.

Assessment of anatomical and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty with the scapula-weighted Constant-Murley score.

Aim Of The Study: To evaluate total (TSA) and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) using the Constant-Murley score (CMS) and the scapula-weighted (SW) CMS, an integrated outcome measure that takes into account the compensatory movements of the scapula.

Methods: Twenty-five consecutive patients, 12 with TSA and 13 with RTSA, underwent kinematic analysis before and after shoulder replacement. Measurements included flexion (FLEX) and abduction (ABD) for the humerus and Protraction-Retraction (PR-RE), Medio-Lateral rotation (ME-LA), and Posterior-Anterior tilting (P-A) for the scapula.

Comparison of shoulder replacement to treat osteoarthritis secondary to instability surgery and primary osteoarthritis: a retrospective controlled study of patient outcomes.

Purpose: We hypothesized that osteoarthritis developing after instability surgery is radiographically similar to primary arthritis and that arthroplasty provides comparable outcomes in patients with these two types of osteoarthritis.

Methods: Patients with osteoarthritis due to instability surgery (group I) and with primary osteoarthritis (group II) were included. Mean follow-up was 52.

Grammont humeral design versus onlay curved-stem reverse shoulder arthroplasty: comparison of clinical and radiographic outcomes with minimum 2-year follow-up.

Background: There are few investigations comparing lateralized and medialized reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) in patients with cuff tear arthropathy. This study assessed the outcomes of 2 RTSA designs.

Methods: Sixty-eight consecutive cuff tear arthropathy patients (74 shoulders) with a follow-up of at least 24 months received a Grammont or an onlay curved short-stem humeral component, with or without glenoid lateralization; a cementless humeral stem was implanted in >90%.

Revision of failed shoulder hemiarthroplasty to reverse total arthroplasty: analysis of 157 revision implants.

Background: There remains a paucity of studies examining the conversion of failed hemiarthroplasty (HA) to reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine a large series of revision HA to RTSA.

Methods: A population of 157 patients who underwent conversion of a failed HA to a revision RTSA from 2006 through 2014 were included.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Italian version of the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic Shoulder and Elbow score.

Background: The Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic (KJOC) Shoulder and Elbow score is a reliable and sensitive tool to measure the performance of overhead athletes. The purpose of this study was to carry out a cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the KJOC questionnaire in Italian and to assess its reliability, validity, and responsiveness.

Materials And Methods: Ninety professional athletes with a painful shoulder were included in this study and were assigned to the "injury group" (n = 32) or the "overuse group" (n = 58); 65 were managed conservatively and 25 were treated by arthroscopic surgery.

Arthroscopic Debridement Versus Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection: A Prospective, Randomized, Comparative Study of Chronic Lateral Epicondylitis With a Nearly 2-Year Follow-Up.

Purpose: The purpose of this prospective, randomized study was to compare the efficacy of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections and arthroscopic lateral release in treating chronic lateral epicondylitis (LE).

Methods: Patients who had a clinical diagnosis of LE confirmed by ultrasound (US) were included in this study. A total of 101 patients received arthroscopic release (n = 50) or US-guided PRP injections (n = 51).

Metallosis in shoulder arthroplasty: an integrative review of literature.

Shoulder arthroplasty has gained popularity as an efficient means of achieving pain relief and improved function in a variety of complex shoulder disorders. Despite promising reports, given the increasing number of shoulder arthroplasty procedures, various causes that may contribute to failure of a well-functioning arthroplasty are being increasingly recognized. One such disastrous condition is metallosis, a subject which has not been much talked off with reference to shoulder arthroplasty.

Total shoulder replacement using a bone ingrowth central peg polyethylene glenoid component: a prospective clinical and computed tomography study with short- to mid-term follow-up.

Aim Of The Study: To assess the clinical and computed tomography (CT) outcomes of shoulder replacement with a novel bone ingrowth all-polyethylene glenoid component (APGC).

Methods: Twenty-eight patients (30 shoulders) with osteoarthritis, mean age 62.3 years (range, 45-75), were implanted with the novel component between 2011 and 2013.