The metabolic hypothesis for restrictive eating behaviors: A computational and evolutionary approach.

Background: Restrictive eating behaviors, widespread in humans and animals, are often conceptualized as maladaptive, but may serve adaptive purposes under specific circumstances.

Aim: To investigate the adaptive potential of restrictive eating behaviors.

Methods: Computational models explored the relationship between food availability, basal metabolic rate, and restrictive eating behaviors.

Scientific evidence for the updated guidelines on indications for metabolic and bariatric surgery (IFSO/ASMBS).

The 2022 American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS) and International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders (IFSO) updated the indications for metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS), replacing the previous guidelines established by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) over 30 years ago. The evidence supporting these updated guidelines has been strengthened to assist metabolic and bariatric surgeons, nutritionists, and other members of multidisciplinary teams (MDTs), as well as patients. This study aims to assess the level of evidence and the strength of recommendations compared to the previously published criteria.

Manufacture of Bioplastics Prepared from Chitosan Functionalized with Extract.

The exploration of natural resources in bioplastics has advanced the development of bio-based materials. Utilizing the casting, chitosan (CH)-based films were manufactured with different glycerol (GLY) percentages (from 0 to 50% / of CH) and anthocyanin-enriched fractions (from 0 to 5% of / CH) of acidified ethanol extract of flowers (CCE). is an ornamental plant known for its bioactive compounds endowed with health benefits.

Gastric Cancer in One-Anastomosis Mini-gastric Bypass: Case Report and Systematic Review.

In the last years, one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) has been proposed more frequently as obesity surgery technique. Several trials have demonstrated that the easier technical feasibility does not affect the long-term surgical result. However, concern about increased risk of gastric and esophageal cancers has been expressed by several bariatric surgeons.

A transdiagnostic and diagnostic-specific approach on inflammatory biomarkers in eating disorders: A meta-analysis and systematic review.

Eating disorders (EDs) are severe mental illnesses with a multifactorial etiology and a chronic course. Among the biological factors related to pathogenesis and maintenance of EDs, inflammation acquired growing scientific interest. This study aimed to assess the inflammatory profile of EDs, focusing on anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and including for the first time binge eating disorder.

Transdiagnostic markers across the psychosis continuum: a systematic review and meta-analysis of resting state fMRI studies.

Unlabelled: Psychotic symptoms are among the most debilitating and challenging presentations of severe psychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia, schizoaffective, and bipolar disorder. A pathophysiological understanding of intrinsic brain activity underlying psychosis is crucial to improve diagnosis and treatment. While a potential continuum along the psychotic spectrum has been recently described in neuroimaging studies, especially for what concerns absolute and relative amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF and fALFF), these efforts have given heterogeneous results.

The cliff edge model of the evolution of schizophrenia: Mathematical, epidemiological, and genetic evidence.

How has schizophrenia, a condition that significantly reduces an individual's evolutionary fitness, remained common across generations and cultures? Numerous theories about the evolution of schizophrenia have been proposed, most of which are not consistent with modern epidemiological and genetic evidence. Here, we briefly review this evidence and explore the cliff edge model of schizophrenia. It suggests that schizophrenia is the extreme manifestation of a polygenic trait or a combination of traits that, within a normal range of variation, confer cognitive, linguistic, and/or social advantages.

Evolutionary perspectives on substance and behavioural addictions: Distinct and shared pathways to understanding, prediction and prevention.

Addiction poses significant social, health, and criminal issues. Its moderate heritability and early-life impact, affecting reproductive success, poses an evolutionary paradox: why are humans predisposed to addictive behaviours? This paper reviews biological and psychological mechanisms of substance and behavioural addictions, exploring evolutionary explanations for the origin and function of relevant systems. Ancestrally, addiction-related systems promoted fitness through reward-seeking, and possibly self-medication.

The role of psychotic-like experiences in the association between aberrant salience and anxiety: A psychopathological proposal based on a case-control study.

Aim: Aberrant salience (AS) and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) have been proven to be linked. Moreover, anxiety is a key symptom in psychosis-prone subjects and most psychotic patients. We propose a model that attempts to interpret the role of PLEs in the association between AS and anxiety among healthy controls and psychotic patients.

Behavior genetics: Causality as a dialectical pursuit.

The overarching theme of causality in behavioral genetics is discussed on epistemological grounds. Evidence is offered in favor of a continuum spectrum in causality, in contrast to discrimination between causal factors and associations. The risk of invalidating exploratory studies in behavior genetics is discussed, especially for the potential impact on those fields of medicine interested in complex behaviors.

Pregorexia: a systematic review and meta-analysis on the constructs of body image dissatisfaction and eating disturbances by gestational age in the peripartum.

Purpose: Pregorexia is a phenomenon posited to occur in the peripartum, characterized by an attempt to counter pregnancy's physiological changes in body shape through reduced calorie intake or increased physical activity.

Methods: In this pre-registered systematic review and meta-analysis, body image dissatisfaction and eating psychopathology in the peripartum according to gestational age were formally assessed. PubMed was searched up to May 2023.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, post-treatment sexual dysfunction and persistent genital arousal disorder: A systematic review.

Purpose: Adverse effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on sexual function have been an important area of research for many years. However, the duration of SSRI-associated sexual adverse effects, and their possible persistence after treatment discontinuation, is still uncertain. The aims of the current systematic review were first to identify existing evidence of sexual dysfunction following SSRI discontinuation, and to provide an account of reported symptoms and proposed treatment options; and second, to establish whether current literature allows accurate estimates of the prevalence of such sexual dysfunction.

Metabolic bariatric surgery as a therapeutic option for patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Aim: To compare different types of metabolic surgery with non-surgical therapy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: The present network meta-analysis (NMA) includes randomized clinical trials (duration ≥ 52 weeks) comparing different surgery techniques with non-surgical therapy in diabetes patients. The primary endpoints were endpoint HbA1c, body mass index (BMI) and diabetes remission.

Aberrant Salience Inventory: A meta-analysis to investigate its psychometric properties and identify screening cutoff scores.

Introduction: The Aberrant Salience Inventory (ASI) is a useful tool to measure salience abnormalities among the general population. There is strong clinical and scientific evidence that salience alteration is linked to psychosis. To the present day, no meta-analysis evaluating ASI's psychometric properties and screening potential has been published.

Characterization of childhood trauma, hippocampal mediation and Cannabis use in a large dataset of psychosis and non-psychosis individuals.

Background: Cannabis use (CA) and childhood trauma (CT) independently increase the risk of earlier psychosis onset; but their interaction in relation to psychosis risk and association with endocannabinoid-receptor rich brain regions, i.e. the hippocampus (HP), remains unclear.

Electrocardiographic Findings and Cardiac Troponin I Assay in Dogs with SIRS Diagnosis.

Several studies performed in humans have demonstrated that the onset of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) represents a high risk condition to develop myocardial damage and arrhythmias. Therefore, we also hypothesized cardiac involment for dogs affected by SIRS. To assess this hypothesis, 24 dogs with a diagnosis of SIRS (13 entire males, 7 entire females, and 4 spayed females) with an age ranging from 4 to 11 years (mean 5.

Inflammatory Response and Electrocardiographic Examination in Horses Vaccinated against Equine Herpesvirus (Ehv-1).

This study aimed to evaluate possible abnormalities in electrocardiographic findings, and changes in cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and inflammatory biomarkers (serum amyloid A (SAA) and C-reactive protein (CRP)) after inactivated herpesvirus vaccine administration. Eighteen healthy horses were included. All animals were vaccinated with Pneumoequine (Merial, France) according to the protocol provided by the manufacturer.

Oxidative Stress Evaluation in Dogs Affected with Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis.

The study aimed to evaluate the concentration of reactive oxidative metabolites (R-OOHs), the antioxidant barrier (OXY), and the ratio between R-OOHs and OXY (OSi) and thiol groups of plasma compounds (SHp) in in canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. Thirty dogs affected with monocytic ehrlichiosis (canine monocytic ehrlichiosis group-CME group) and ten healthy dogs (control group-CTR group) were evaluated. CME was diagnosed by the presence of clinical signs and the detection of anti- antibodies.

Smoke Evacuation During Laparoscopic Surgery: A Problem Beyond the COVID-19 Period. A Quantitative Analysis of CO Environmental Dispersion Using Different Devices.

The COVID-19 pandemic leads to several debates regarding the possible risk for healthcare professionals during surgery. SAGES and EAES raised the issue of the transmission of infection through the surgical smoke during laparoscopy. They recommended the use of smoke evacuation devices (SEDs) with CO filtering systems.

IFSO Update Position Statement on One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OAGB).

The International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders (IFSO) issued a position statement on the role of one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) in the field of bariatric/metabolic surgery in 2018 De Luca et al. (Obes Surg. 28(5):1188-206, 2018).

Laparoscopic gastrectomy for stage II and III advanced gastric cancer: long‑term follow‑up data from a Western multicenter retrospective study.

Introduction: There has been an increasing interest for the laparoscopic treatment of early gastric cancer, especially among Eastern surgeons. However, the oncological effectiveness of Laparoscopic Gastrectomy (LG) for Advanced Gastric Cancer (AGC) remains a subject of debate, especially in Western countries where limited reports have been published. The aim of this paper is to retrospectively analyze short- and long-term results of LG for AGC in a real-life Western practice.

Use of the ORBEYE Exoscope in General Surgery: The Advent of Video-Assisted Open Surgery.

Microsurgery has quickly become the "gold standard" approach for vascular surgical steps during neurosurgery. However, despite its advantages, the microscope has not been widely adopted in general surgery. A new 3D-surgical exoscope, the ORBEYE, has been developed and introduced to some surgical specialties.

Design and Characterization of a Minimally Invasive Bipolar Electrode for Electroporation.

Objective: To test a new bipolar electrode for electroporation consisting of a single minimally invasive needle.

Methods: A theoretical study was performed by using Comsol Multiphysics software. The prototypes of electrode have been tested on potatoes and pigs, adopting an irreversible electroporation protocol.