Effects of nateglinide and glibenclamide on postprandial lipid and glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes.

Background: Postprandial hyperlipemia and small, dense LDL particles are features of dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was (1) to determine whether the oral insulinotropic drugs, nateglinide and glibenclamide, can overcome the defect of insulin action to suppress the hepatic VLDL release after a meal and decrease the postprandial lipemia and (2) to evaluate the acute effect of postprandial hypertriglyceridemia on LDL particle size in subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Forty-three subjects with type 2 diabetes and mean baseline HbA(1c) 7.

Postprandial metabolism of apolipoprotein B-48- and B-100-containing particles in type 2 diabetes mellitus: relations to angiographically verified severity of coronary artery disease.

The aim of the present cross-sectional angiographic study was to examine if there is a relationship between the severity of CAD and postprandial lipemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Special emphasis was directed to determining the contribution of apolipoprotein B-48 (apoB-48)-containing and B-100 (apoB-100)-containing triglyceride-rich particles to the magnitude of postprandial lipemia and degree of CAD. The role of apolipoprotein E (apoE) phenotype as a modulator of postprandial lipemia was also evaluated.

Delayed clearance of postprandial large TG-rich particles in normolipidemic carriers of LPL Asn291Ser gene variant.

The carrier frequency of Asn291Ser polymorphism of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene is 4;-6% in the Western population. Heterozygotes are prone to fasting hypertriglyceridemia and low high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations especially when secondary factors are superimposed on the genetic defect. We studied the LPL Asn291Ser gene variant as a modulator of postprandial lipemia in heterozygote carriers.

Postprandial lipid metabolism in diabetes.

Postprandial lipemia is an inherent feature of diabetic dyslipidemia and highly prevalent in diabetic patients even with normal fasting triglyceride concentrations. Postprandial lipemia is characterized by long residence time of chylomicron and VLDL remnants in the circulation. Insulin resistance causes increased flux of free fatty acids, and thus enhanced VLDL apolipoprotein B (apo B) synthesis in the liver.

Decreased postprandial high density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoproteins A-I and E in normolipidemic smoking men: relations with lipid transfer proteins and LCAT activities.

We have previously reported that normolipidemic smokers are lipid intolerant due to increased responses of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) apolipoprotein B-48, triglyceride (TG), and retinyl esters to a mixed meal compared to non-smokers. To investigate whether postprandial high density lipoprotein (HDL), apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), apolipoprotein A-II (apoA-II), and apolipoprotein E (apoE) concentrations or lipid transfer protein activities are affected by cigarette smoking, we investigated 12 male smokers and 12 non-smokers with comparable fasting lipoprotein profile, BMI, and age. Plasma samples obtained after an overnight fast and postprandially were separated by density gradient ultracentrifugation.

Comparison of three fatty meals in healthy normolipidaemic men: high post-prandial retinyl ester response to soybean oil.

Background: Oral fat tolerance tests (FTTs) have been widely used as a tool to investigate post-prandial lipaemia. However, there is no consensus regarding the type and amount of fat used in the tests.

Methods: We compared three commonly used FTTs, each containing 63 g of fat: a mixed meal, a liquid cream meal and a liquid soybean oil meal.

Postprandial elevation of ApoB-48-containing triglyceride-rich particles and retinyl esters in normolipemic males who smoke.

Smokers have an increased risk for coronary artery disease (CAD), which can only partly be explained by fasting lipoprotein changes. Recent studies have indicated that smokers express metabolic abnormalities characteristic of insulin resistance syndrome. A preliminary study reported an increased postprandial triglyceride (TG) response in smokers compared with nonsmokers.

The insulin resistance syndrome and postprandial lipid intolerance in smokers.

Background: The effects of cigarette smoking on insulin resistance, postprandial lipemia following a mixed meal, lipoproteins and other aspects of the insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) were investigated in healthy middle-aged men.

Methods: 36 smoking and 25 age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched non-smoking men participated. They were non-obese (BMI < 27), healthy and without any medication.