The Association Between Depressive Symptoms, Access to Diabetes Care, and Glycemic Control in Five Middle-Income Countries.

Objective: The relationship between depression, diabetes, and access to diabetes care is established in high-income countries (HICs) but not in middle-income countries (MICs), where contexts and health systems differ and may impact this relationship. In this study, we investigate access to diabetes care for individuals with and without depressive symptoms in MICs.

Research Design And Methods: We analyzed pooled data from nationally representative household surveys across Brazil, Chile, China, Indonesia, and Mexico.

Safety and efficacy of nightly nitrofurantoin as prophylaxis in dogs with recurrent urinary tract infections: 13 cases (2015-2021).

Objectives: To report the protocol, efficacy and adverse events in dogs receiving nightly nitrofurantoin therapy as antimicrobial prophylaxis for recurrent urinary tract infections.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective case series of dogs prescribed nitrofurantoin as prophylaxis for recurrent urinary tract infections. Data on urological history, diagnostic investigation, protocol, adverse events and efficacy (through serial urine cultures) were extracted from medical records.

Impact of first-line use of caplacizumab on treatment outcomes in immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.

Background: The von Willebrand factor-directed nanobody caplacizumab has greatly changed the treatment of immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) in recent years. Data from randomized controlled trials established efficacy and safety.

Objectives: This study aims to address open questions regarding patient selection, tailoring of therapy duration, obstacles in prescribing caplacizumab in iTTP, effect on adjunct treatment, and outcomes in the real-world setting.

Efficacy of medical dissolution for suspected struvite cystoliths in dogs.

Background: Medical dissolution of struvite uroliths in dogs is commonly recommended, but data on success rates and complications are limited.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of medical dissolution for suspected struvite cystoliths in dogs.

Animals: Fifty client-owned dogs fed a therapeutic dissolution diet, with or without administration of antimicrobials, for treatment of suspected struvite cystoliths.

Retrospective analysis of the effects of Blastomyces antigen concentration in urine and radiographic findings on survival in dogs with blastomycosis.

Background: The Blastomyces antigen concentration in urine (BACU) test is used to diagnose blastomycosis and monitor treatment in dogs. It is unknown if a higher BACU is associated with shorter survival.

Objectives: To determine if the magnitude of BACU before treatment is associated with survival in dogs with blastomycosis.

Angiotensin-Receptor-Associated Protein Modulates Ca Signals in Photoreceptor and Mossy Fiber cells.

Fast, precise and sustained neurotransmission requires graded Ca signals at the presynaptic terminal. Neurotransmitter release depends on a complex interplay of Ca fluxes and Ca buffering in the presynaptic terminal that is not fully understood. Here, we show that the angiotensin-receptor-associated protein (ATRAP) localizes to synaptic terminals throughout the central nervous system.

Size-dependent ion emission asymmetry of free NaCl nanoparticles excited by intense femtosecond laser pulses.

We report on asymmetric ion emission of size-selected NaCl nanoparticles (d = 100-600 nm) ionized by intense femtosecond laser pulses (λ = 800 nm, peak intensity ∼1013 W cm-2). Velocity map imaging indicates that a higher ion yield is observed in the propagation direction of the laser pulses than in the opposite direction. This asymmetric ion emission is found to be size-dependent and increases with particle size.

Correction to: Investigation of Neuregulin-1 and Glial Cell-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Rodent Astrocytes and Microglia.

The original version of this article unfortunately contained mistakes in the author group and affiliation sections. Author Markus H. Schwab's name was incorrectly presented as "H.

Polarized microglia do not influence oligodendrocyte lineage cells via astrocytes.

Microglia can adopt different activation patterns, ranging from a pro-inflammatory M1- to an anti-inflammatory M2-like phenotype in which they play crucial roles in various neuroinflammatory diseases. M2-like microglia are described to drive remyelination, whereas detrimental effects have been attributed to M1-like microglia. How polarized microglia might act on oligodendrocyte lineage cells indirectly by influencing astrocytes has not been studied in detail.

Investigation of Neuregulin-1 and Glial Cell-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Rodent Astrocytes and Microglia.

Growth factors play a crucial role during de- and remyelination of the central nervous system (CNS) due to their neurotrophic functions. We have previously shown that the growth factors neuregulin-1 (Nrg-1) and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (Gdnf) are upregulated during the first 2 weeks after induction of toxic demyelination in the CNS. Nevertheless, the factors responsible for Nrg-1/Gdnf upregulation and their effects on glia cells are unknown.

Clinicopathologic and Microbiologic Findings Associated with Emphysematous Cystitis in 27 Dogs.

This is a retrospective case series of 27 dogs with emphysematous cystitis. Medical records from two veterinary teaching hospitals from 1992 to 2014 were reviewed. The aims of the study were to determine imaging findings, common underlying disease processes, and prevalent bacterial species and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in dogs with emphysematous cystitis.

A retrospective study of dogs with atypical hypoadrenocorticism: a diagnostic cut-off or continuum?

Objectives: To describe the clinicopathologic findings and outcome in dogs with atypical hypoadrenocorticism (Group 1) and dogs with suspected atypical hypoadrenocorticism whose post-adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation cortisol concentrations were greater than 55 nmol/L but below the laboratory reference interval (Group 2).

Methods: Medical records were searched to identify dogs diagnosed with hypoadrenocorticism between January 2004 and June 2014. Dogs were excluded if their Na:K ratio was less than 27 or if they had received prior therapy that could interfere with adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation testing.

TRIM19/PML Restricts HIV Infection in a Cell Type-Dependent Manner.

The promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) is the main structural component of the nuclear matrix structures termed nuclear domain 10 (ND10) or PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs). PML and ND10 structures have been shown to mediate an intrinsic immune response against a variety of different viruses. Their role during retroviral replication, however, is still controversially discussed.

Reducing unplanned extubations in the NICU.

Background And Objectives: Unplanned extubation can be a significant event that places the patient at risk for adverse events. Our goal was to reduce unplanned extubations to <1 unplanned extubation per 100 patient-intubated days.

Methods: All unplanned extubations in the NICU beginning in October 2009 were audited.

Organic fluorine as a polypeptide building element: in vivo expression of fluorinated peptides, proteins and proteomes.

Traditionally, the biological fluorination of complex biological systems like proteins is achieved through substitution of canonical amino acids or addition of fluorinated amino acids in the context of the standard genetic code. Ribosomal translation of monofluorinated amino acids into proteins often yields structures with minimal local changes in the interior but, on the same time, results in large global effects on characteristic features of the biopolymers (such as dramatically changed activity profile or folding stability). This is due to the novel and unique local interactions delivered by fluorine atoms such as (i) increase in the covalent radii (ii) changed polarities; (iii) changed hydrogen bond acceptor ability; (iv) altered water solubility as well as water ↔ organic solvent energy transfer.

Design of protein congeners containing β-cyclopropylalanine.

The non-canonical amino acid (ncAA) analogue of methionine (Met), β-cyclopropylalanine (Cpa), was successfully incorporated into recombinant proteins expressed in Escherichia coli in a residue-specific manner. Proteins substituted in this way are congeners because they derive from the same gene sequence as the parent protein but contain a fraction of ncAAs. We have expressed congeners using parent and mutant gene sequences of various proteins (lipase, annexin A5, enhanced green fluorescent protein, and barstar) and found that Cpa incorporation is highly dependent on the protein sequence composition.

Evaluation of bicinchoninic acid as a ligand for copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne bioconjugations.

The Cu(I)-catalyzed cycloaddition of terminal azides and alkynes (click chemistry) represents a highly specific reaction for the functionalization of biomolecules with chemical moieties such as dyes or polymer matrices. In this study we evaluate the use of bicinchoninic acid (BCA) as a ligand for Cu(I) under physiological reaction conditions. We demonstrate that the BCA-Cu(I)-complex represents an efficient catalyst for the conjugation of fluorophores or biotin to alkyne- or azide-functionalized proteins resulting in increased or at least equal reaction yields compared to commonly used catalysts like Cu(I) in complex with TBTA (tris[(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl]amine) or BPAA (bathophenanthroline disulfonic acid).

Site-selective modification of proteins for the synthesis of structurally defined multivalent scaffolds.

A combination of classical site-directed mutagenesis, genetic code engineering and bioorthogonal reactions delivered a chemically modified barstar protein with one or four carbohydrates installed at specific residues. These protein conjugates were employed in multivalent binding studies, which support the use of proteins as structurally defined scaffolds for the presentation of multivalent ligands.

Parents' perceptions of water safety and quality.

Every day parents make choices about the source of water their families consume. There are many contributing factors which could affect decisions about water consumption including taste, smell, color, safety, cost, and convenience. However, few studies have investigated what parents with young children think about water quality and safety in the US and how this affects the choices they are making.