Feed-induced hypersalivation in horses from Austria, Germany and Switzerland.

Background: While previous reports come mostly from the southern Americas, several outbreaks of hypersalivation in horses were observed in Middle Europe from 2016 to 2018.

Objective: To describe feed-induced hypersalivation in European horses.

Study Design: Analysis of feedstuffs.

Public e-learning opportunities in anesthesia on YouTube.

Background: The increasing knowledge in medicine makes continuous education for clinicians necessary more than ever. The range of skills to be covered in anesthesia is constantly growing. How to optimize complex training in practical skills in an increasingly economized environment remains unclear.

A Virtual Reality Serious Game for the Rehabilitation of Hand and Finger Function: Iterative Development and Suitability Study.

Background: Restoring hand and finger function after a traumatic hand injury necessitates a regimen of consistent and conscientious exercise. However, motivation frequently wanes due to unchallenging repetitive tasks or discomfort, causing exercises to be performed carelessly or avoided completely. Introducing gamification to these repetitive tasks can make them more appealing to patients, ultimately increasing their motivation to exercise consistently.

Visualizing the Unseen: Illustrating and Documenting Phantom Limb Sensations and Phantom Limb Pain With C.A.L.A.

Currently, there is neither a standardized mode for the documentation of phantom sensations and phantom limb pain, nor for their visualization as perceived by patients. We have therefore created a tool that allows for both, as well as for the quantification of the patient's visible and invisible body image. A first version provides the principal functions: (1) Adapting a 3D avatar for self-identification of the patient; (2) modeling the shape of the phantom limb; (3) adjusting the position of the phantom limb; (4) drawing pain and cramps directly onto the avatar; and (5) quantifying their respective intensities.

Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of dynamic bracing versus standard care alone in patients suffering from osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: protocol for a multicentre, two-armed, parallel-group randomised controlled trial with 12 months of follow-up.

Introduction: Patients with osteoporosis may suffer from a fracture after minimal trauma. Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) are among the most common fractures, often leading to substantial pain. There is a need for evidence-based conservative treatment to aid in the management of OVCFs.

Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) as a platform for chemosensitivity and biomarker analysis in personalized medicine.

Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumor models represent a valuable platform for identifying new biomarkers and novel targets, to evaluate therapy response and resistance mechanisms. This study aimed at establishment, characterization and therapy testing of colorectal carcinoma-derived PDX. We generated 49 PDX and validated identity between patient tumor and corresponding PDX.

Prediction of mechanical complications in adult spinal deformity surgery-the GAP score versus the Schwab classification.

Background Context: Surgery for adult spinal deformity is a challenging and complex procedure with high reported complication (8.4%-42%) and revision rates (9%-17.6%).

Implementation of patient-reported outcome measures in appropriateness criteria of surgery for degenerative lumbar scoliosis.

Background Context: Degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) is an increasingly common spinal disorder of which current management is characterized by a substantial variety in treatment advice. To improve evidence-based clinical decision-making and increase uniformity and transparency of care, the Scoliosis Research Society established appropriateness criteria for surgery for DLS. In these criteria, however, the patient perspective was not formally incorporated.

The Motivational Value Systems Questionnaire (MVSQ): Psychometric Analysis Using a Forced Choice Thurstonian IRT Model.

This study presents a new measure of value systems, the Motivational Value Systems Questionnaire (MVSQ), which is based on a theory of value systems by psychologist Clare W. Graves. The purpose of the instrument is to help people identify their personal hierarchies of value systems and thus become more aware of what motivates and demotivates them in work-related contexts.

Quantitative detection of promoter methylation -a potential biomarker for prognosis in lung cancer.

Aberrant promoter methylation of tumor relevant genes frequently occurs in early steps of carcinogenesis and during tumor progression. Epigenetic alterations could be used as potential biomarkers for early detection and for prediction of prognosis and therapy response in lung cancer. The present study quantitatively analyzed the methylation status of known and potential gatekeeper and tumor suppressor genes [O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (), Ras association domain family member 1A (), Ras protein activator like 1 (), programmed cell death 4 (), metastasis suppressor 1 () and tumor suppressor candidate 3 ()] in 42 lung cancers and in corresponding non-malignant bronchus and lung tissue using bisulfite-conversion independent methylation-quantification of endonuclease-resistant DNA (MethyQESD).

Preclinical Study of a Combination of Erlotinib and Bevacizumab in Early Stages of Unselected Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patient-Derived Xenografts.

Background: The differential outcomes of clinical studies of the targeted therapies for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) indicate that better stratification of patients is required. This could be achieved with the help of patient-derived xenografts (PDX) of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) wild-type patients resistant to erlotinib treatment.

Objective: To explore the potential of patient-derived NSCLC xenografts to optimize therapy using 24 well-characterized early-stage NSCLC PDX.

Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase sensitizes lung cancer cells and H1299 xenografts to erlotinib.

Objectives: The therapeutic scheme for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients can be improved if adapted to the individual response. For example, 60-70% of adenocarcinoma patients show response to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the presence of mutated EGFR. We searched for additional target molecules involved in the action of the EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib in the absence of EGFR mutations, which might be suitable for combinatorial therapy approaches.

Isolated Whipple's endocarditis: an underestimated diagnosis that requires molecular analysis of surgical material.

Tropheryma whipplei is known as the bacterium that causes Whipple's disease, a rare systemic illness typically affecting gastrointestinal tract, joints, and central nervous system. In addition, T whipplei infection may present as an isolated endocarditis. Although previously regarded as a rare condition, T whipplei has been recognized as a major cause of culture-negative endocarditis when integrating specific molecular analysis of surgical material into the diagnostic algorithm.

Postoperative chest tube management: snapshot of German diversity.

Objectives: The management of chest tubes is one of the most critical aspects in patient care in thoracic surgery, and no consensus exists regarding the ideal chest tube management strategy.

Methods: Chest tube management protocols and their effects on chest tube therapy were compared at four German specialist thoracic surgery units. Altogether, 79 patients were stratified for underlying disease and type of surgery.

Inducible and constitutive activation of two polymorphic promoter alleles of the Candida albicans multidrug efflux pump MDR1.

Overexpression of the multidrug efflux pump MDR1 confers resistance to the antifungal drug fluconazole on Candida albicans. It has been reported that two types of MDR1 promoters exist in C. albicans and that homozygosity for the allele with higher activity may promote fluconazole resistance.

Deficits 10-years after Achilles tendon repair.

The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term impact of surgical repair and subsequent 6-week immobilization of an Achilles tendon rupture on muscle strength, muscle strength endurance and muscle activity. 63 patients participated in this study on average 10.8 ± 3.

Novel therapies in non-small cell lung cancer.

Over the last years, several new systemic cancer therapy strategies have been introduced to turn the growing insights of molecular aberrations involved in the development and progression of lung cancer into better treatment options fort the patients. This review presents some of the most important biological targets and biomarkers relevant in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Especially EGFR mutations, anti-angiogenesis, multi kinase inhibition, vascular disrupting agents, vaccines, m-TOR inhibitors, TRAIL inhibition and several biomarkers are highlighted including current study results.

Correlation of SHOX2 gene amplification and DNA methylation in lung cancer tumors.

Background: DNA methylation in the SHOX2 locus was previously used to reliably detect lung cancer in a group of critical controls, including 'cytologically negative' samples with no visible tumor cell content, at a high specificity based on the analysis of bronchial lavage samples. This study aimed to investigate, if the methylation correlates with SHOX2 gene expression and/or copy number alterations. An amplification of the SHOX2 gene locus together with the observed tumor-specific hypermethylation might explain the good performance of this marker in bronchial lavage samples.

Chemoresistance in non-small-cell lung cancer: can multidrug resistance markers predict the response of xenograft lung cancer models to chemotherapy?

Objective: In chemotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), some patients seem to exhibit an intrinsic resistance or develop an acquired resistance under treatment. Results on resistance markers for possible treatment failure as shown in studies on selected lung cancer cell lines could not be completely confirmed in clinical trials. As these conflicting data require further research, we created a model between cell culture and the clinical need to study this problem.

Reliability of a computer-aided detection system in detecting lung metastases compared to manual palpation during surgery.

For resection of lung metastases computed tomography (CT) is needed to determine the operative strategy. A computer-aided detection (CAD) system, a software tool for automated detection of lung nodules, analyses the CT scans in addition to the radiologists and clearly marks lesions. The aim of this feasibility study was to evaluate the reliability of CAD in detecting lung metastases.

Comparative profiling of the novel epothilone, sagopilone, in xenografts derived from primary non-small cell lung cancer.

Purpose: Characterization of new anticancer drugs in a few xenograft models derived from established human cancer cell lines frequently results in the discrepancy between preclinical and clinical results. To take the heterogeneity of tumors into consideration more thoroughly, we describe here a preclinical approach that may allow a more rational clinical development of new anticancer drugs.

Experimental Design: We tested Sagopilone, an optimized fully synthetic epothilone, in 22 well-characterized patient-derived non-small cell lung cancer models and correlated results with mutational and genome-wide gene expression analysis.

Adjuvant therapy for lung cancer.

To improve outcome of patients with lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, a multidisciplinary approach is required. Only approximately 30% of all lung cancer patients present with early stage disease (IA-IIIA). For non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) complete surgical resection is currently considered to be the optimal treatment, but high rates of recurrence even after complete resection require to investigate regimes of additional therapy.

Impaired axonal transport in motor neurons correlates with clinical prion disease.

Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders causing motor dysfunctions, dementia and neuropathological changes such as spongiosis, astroglyosis and neuronal loss. The chain of events leading to the clinical disease and the role of distinct brain areas are still poorly understood. The role of nervous system integrity and axonal properties in prion pathology are still elusive.