Incidence, diagnostics, therapeutic management and outcomes of paediatric intestinal pseudo-obstruction in the Netherlands: A 20-year retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: To describe incidence, clinical course, diagnostic and therapeutic management and long-term follow-up of paediatric intestinal pseudo-obstruction (PIPO) in the Netherlands between 2000 and 2020.

Methods: Multicenter, national, retrospective, observational study including patients aged <18 years diagnosed with PIPO and treated between 2000 and 2020 in Dutch academic medical centres. Outcomes included demographics, incidence, symptoms, diagnostic- and treatment methods used during follow-up, number of hospital admissions and mortality.

Playing sport as a central-line carrier: a survey to collect the European pediatric intestinal failure centers' view.

Background: The administration of home parenteral nutrition improves quality of life for patients with intestinal failure, thus fostering their will to actively participate to social activities. Nevertheless, sports participation can be risky for patients with a central venous catheter (CVC). Despite literature thoroughly proving the positive impact of sports on motor-psychosocial development, no consistent evidence assessing its role on central-line complications is available.

Antegrade Continence Enemas for Pediatric Functional Constipation: A Systematic Review.

Background: Despite optimal conservative and medical treatment, some children with functional constipation (FC) continue to experience symptoms. Antegrade continence enema (ACE) surgery has been suggested as the primary surgical option after less invasive pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions have not been effective. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the outcomes of ACE for children with FC.

Transition from pediatric to adult care in patients with chronic intestinal failure on home parenteral nutrition: How to do it right?

Background: Life expectancy of children with chronic intestinal failure (CIF) on home parenteral nutrition has greatly improved. Children are now able to grow into adulthood which requires transfer from pediatric to adult health care. A guideline for structured transition is lacking and the demand for a more standardized care for this patient group is necessary.

Catheter salvage or removal in catheter-related bloodstream infections with Staphylococcus aureus in children with chronic intestinal failure receiving home parenteral nutrition and the use of prophylactic taurolidine catheter lock solution: A descriptive cohort study.

Background: Children with chronic IF require long-term home parenteral nutrition (HPN), administered through a central venous catheter. Catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) with Staphylococcus aureus is known to be a serious infection with a high mortality rate and risk of complications. A standardized protocol on the management of S aureus CRBSIs in children receiving HPN is lacking.

Systematic review on management of high-output enterostomy in children: An urgent call for evidence.

Objectives/background: High-output stoma is one of the most common major morbidities in young children with an enterostomy that could lead to intestinal failure. Management of high-output enterostomy in children is mostly based on personal experience. This systematic review aims to clarify the evidence-based therapeutic approach of high-output enterostomy in children.

Children with Intestinal Failure are at Risk for Psychopathology and Trauma.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess the psychopathology and medical traumatic stress in children with intestinal failure (IF) and identify associated risk factors.

Methods: Two-center study, performed from September 2019 until April 2022 (partly during COVID-19 pandemic), including children (1.5-17 years) with IF, dependent on parenteral nutrition (PN) or weaned off PN, treated by a multidisciplinary IF-team.

What are Normal Defecation Patterns in Healthy Children up to Four Years of Age? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: To summarize available data on defecation frequency and stool consistency of healthy children up to age 4 in order to estimate normal references values.

Study Design: Systematic review including cross-sectional, observational, and interventional studies published in English, that reported on defecation frequency and/or stool consistency in healthy children 0-4 years old.

Results: Seventy-five studies were included with 16 393 children and 40 033 measurements of defecation frequency and/or stool consistency.

An Update of Pharmacological Management in Children with Functional Constipation.

Functional constipation is a common problem in childhood worldwide and has a great impact on social, physical, and emotional functioning of affected children and their caregivers. It is a clinical diagnosis based on the Rome IV criteria. Non-pharmacological treatment involves education, demystification, lifestyle advice, and toilet training.

Development of a core outcome set for pediatric chronic intestinal failure.

Background: In research on pediatric chronic intestinal failure, heterogeneity in reported definitions and outcomes exists. This leads to a risk of reporting bias and impossibility of evidence synthesis. Also, reported outcomes should be relevant to both healthcare providers and patients and their parents.

Ghrelin Levels in Children With Intestinal Failure Receiving Long-Term Parenteral Nutrition.

Background: Children with intestinal failure (IF) require parenteral nutrition (PN). Transition to oral and enteral nutrition (EN) can be difficult also due to abnormal gastrointestinal motility. The gut hormone ghrelin is increased in states of negative energy balance, functioning to preserve euglycemia, and also has appetite stimulating and prokinetic properties.

A therapeutic guide on pediatric irritable bowel syndrome and functional abdominal pain-not otherwise specified.

Unlabelled: Disorders of the gut-brain interaction negatively impact quality of life and carry a substantial socioeconomic burden. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional abdominal pain-not otherwise specified (FAP-NOS) are common functional abdominal pain disorders in childhood. The pathophysiology is not fully understood, and high-quality intervention trials and international guidelines are missing.

Dietary interventions for functional abdominal pain disorders in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) are common among children and are associated with decreased quality of life and school attendance. Several dietary interventions have been suggested to improve symptoms of FAPDs. This systematic review assessed the efficacy and safety of dietary interventions for pediatric FAPDs.

Development of a Core Outcome Set for Children Aged 1-18 Years with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.

Objective: To develop a core outcome set for clinical studies assessing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in children.

Study Design: This core outcome set was developed using a 2-round Delphi technique and adhering to the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Initiative (OMERACT 2.0) recommendations.

Cost-effectiveness of physiotherapy in childhood functional constipation: a randomized controlled trial in primary care.

Objective: Health care expenditures for children with functional constipation (FC) are high, while conservative management is successful in only 50% of the children. The aim is to evaluate whether adding physiotherapy to conventional treatment (CT) is a cost-effective strategy in the management of children with FC aged 4-18 years in primary care.

Methods: A cost-effectiveness analysis was performed alongside a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with 8-month follow-up.

Prophylactic anticoagulation in children receiving home parenteral nutrition.

Background: Children with intestinal failure (IF) are at risk of loss of vascular access because of catheter-related venous thrombosis. Whether primary prophylactic anticoagulation is effective and safe in preventing catheter-related thrombosis is largely unknown. Our aim was to assess the incidences of catheter-related venous thrombosis and bleeding complications in children with IF receiving home parenteral nutrition (HPN) treated with primary prophylactic anticoagulation.

Longitudinal Development of Health-related Quality of Life and Fatigue in Children on Home Parenteral Nutrition.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to describe the longitudinal development of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and fatigue in children with chronic intestinal failure (CIF) on home parenteral nutrition (PN) and compare these children to the general population.

Methods: Prospective, observational study conducted over 7 years in patients suffering from CIF receiving home PN from 2 tertiary hospitals in the Netherlands. Every 6 months, parents (if child <8 years old) or patients (if child ≥8 years old) completed 2 questionnaires: Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.

Nonpharmacologic Treatment for Children with Functional Constipation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of nonpharmacologic interventions for the treatment of childhood functional constipation.

Study Design: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating nonpharmacologic treatments in children with functional constipation which reported at least 1 outcome of the core outcome set for children with functional constipation.

Results: We included 52 RCTs with 4668 children, aged between 2 weeks and 18 years, of whom 47% were females.

Research priorities in pediatric parenteral nutrition: a consensus and perspective from ESPGHAN/ESPEN/ESPR/CSPEN.

Parenteral nutrition is used to treat children that cannot be fully fed by the enteral route. While the revised ESPGHAN/ESPEN/ESPR/CSPEN pediatric parenteral nutrition guidelines provide clear guidance on the use of parenteral nutrition in neonates, infants, and children based on current available evidence, they have helped to crystallize areas where research is lacking or more studies are needed in order to refine recommendations. This paper collates and discusses the research gaps identified by the authors of each section of the guidelines and considers each nutrient or group of nutrients in turn, together with aspects around delivery and organization.

Pharmacologic Treatment in Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders in Children: A Systematic Review.

Context: Functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) are common in childhood, impacting quality of life and school attendance. There are several compounds available for the treatment of pediatric FAPDs, but their efficacy and safety are unclear because of a lack of head-to-head randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Objective: To systematically review the efficacy and safety of the pharmacologic treatments available for pediatric FAPDs.

Antidepressants for functional abdominal pain disorders in children and adolescents.

Background: Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders (FAPDs) present a considerable burden to paediatric patients, impacting quality of life, school attendance and causing higher rates of anxiety and depression disorders. There are no international guidelines for the management of this condition. A previous Cochrane Review in 2011 found no evidence to support the use of antidepressants in this context.

Evaluation of the "3 Good Questions" program for shared decision-making in pediatric medicine: a feasibility study.

The "3 Good Questions" program was developed to increase shared decision making. The current pilot-study determined the feasibility of these questions to increase shared decision-making in Dutch pediatric medicine. Pre-/postintervention surveys were used to include children (10-18 years) at pediatric outpatient clinics of four hospitals in the Netherlands.

The prevalence of liver fibrosis according to non-invasive tools in a pediatric home parenteral nutrition cohort.

Background & Aims: Liver biopsy is no viable tool to routinely screen for liver fibrosis in children suffering from chronic intestinal failure (IF). We aim to assess the prevalence of liver fibrosis in a cohort of children with chronic IF by non-invasive tests: transient elastography (TE), aspartate-aminotransferase-to-platelet-ratio-index (APRI) and enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) score.

Methods: Cross sectional study where patients with chronic IF, receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) for at least 3 months, were enrolled.