Phase Angle and Ultrasound Assessment of the Rectus Femoris for Predicting Malnutrition and Sarcopenia in Patients with Esophagogastric Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study.

Background: Disease-related malnutrition (DRM) and sarcopenia are prevalent conditions in gastrointestinal cancer patients, whose early diagnosis is essential to establish a nutritional treatment that contributes to optimizing adverse outcomes and improving prognosis. Phase angle (PhA) and rectus femoris ultrasound measurements are considered effort-independent markers of muscle wasting, which remains unrecognized in oncology patients.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the potential utility of PhA, rectus femoris cross-sectional area (RFCSA), and rectus femoris thickness (RF-Y-axis) in predicting malnutrition and sarcopenia in patients with esophagogastric cancer (EGC).

Cost-Utility of Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring versus Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose in People with Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes in Spain.

Objective: Management of advanced type 2 diabetes (T2D) typically involves daily insulin therapy alongside frequent blood glucose monitoring, as treatments such as oral antidiabetic agents are therapeutically insufficient. Real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rt-CGM) has been shown to facilitate greater reductions in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and improvements in patient satisfaction relative to self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). This study aimed to investigate the cost-utility of rt-CGM versus SMBG in Spanish patients with insulin-treated T2D.

Nutritional Assessment in Outpatients with Heart Failure.

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) is associated with significant alterations in body composition, including malnutrition due to insufficient intake, chronic inflammation and increased energy expenditure. Identifying the prevalence of malnutrition and the risk of sarcopenia in patients with HF is crucial to improve clinical outcomes.

Material And Methods: This cross-sectional, single-center, observational study involved 121 outpatients diagnosed with HF.

Food-Intolerance Genetic Testing: A Useful Tool for the Dietary Management of Chronic Gastrointestinal Disorders.

The rise in food intolerances and celiac disease, along with advanced diagnostic techniques, has prompted health professionals to seek effective and economical testing methods. This study evaluates combining genetic tests with routine carbohydrate-absorption breath tests to classify patients with chronic gastrointestinal disorders into therapeutic groups, enhancing dietary management and improving gut health and quality of life. Forty-nine patients with suspected carbohydrate intolerance underwent genetic testing for lactase non-persistence, hereditary fructose intolerance, and celiac disease risk.

Real-World Evaluation of Once-Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Spain (SEMA-RW Study).

Although, in randomized clinical trials, once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide (OW s.c.) has demonstrated superior efficacy in comparison with placebo and active controls in terms of glycemic control and body weight reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), these results need to be confirmed in a real-world (RW) setting.

CXCR4: From Signaling to Clinical Applications in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.

There are several well-described molecular mechanisms that influence cell growth and are related to the development of cancer. Chemokines constitute a fundamental element that is not only involved in local growth but also affects angiogenesis, tumor spread, and metastatic disease. Among them, the C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) and its specific receptor the chemokine C-X-C motif receptor 4 (CXCR4) have been widely studied.

Real-world safety and effectiveness of dapagliflozin in people living with type 1 diabetes in Spain: The Dapa-ON multicenter retrospective study.

Objective: To assess real-world safety and effectiveness of dapagliflozin in people living with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Methods: We conducted a multicenter retrospective study in Spain including data from 250 people living with T1DM receiving dapagliflozin as add-on therapy to insulin (80.8 % on-label use).

Banff 2022 pancreas transplantation multidisciplinary report: Refinement of guidelines for T cell-mediated rejection, antibody-mediated rejection and islet pathology. Assessment of duodenal cuff biopsies and noninvasive diagnostic methods.

The Banff pancreas working schema for diagnosis and grading of rejection is widely used for treatment guidance and risk stratification in centers that perform pancreas allograft biopsies. Since the last update, various studies have provided additional insight regarding the application of the schema and enhanced our understanding of additional clinicopathologic entities. This update aims to clarify terminology and lesion description for T cell-mediated and antibody-mediated allograft rejections, in both active and chronic forms.

A Narrative Review of the Herbal Preparation of Ayurvedic, Traditional Chinese, and Kampō Medicines Applied as Radioprotectors.

In recent years, there has been growing scientific interest in the search for natural radioprotectors that can be used to mitigate the effects of radiation on patients, healthcare personnel, and even for space travel. This narrative review covers the past fifty years and focuses on herbal preparations of Ayurvedic, Traditional Chinese, and Kampō Medicines that have the potential to reduce or eliminate the harmful effects of radiation. Our findings highlight ten herbal preparations, namely Abana, Amalakyadi Churna, Amritaprasham, Brahma, Bu-zhong-yi-qi-tang (BZYQT), Chyavanaprasha, Cystone, Geriforte, Mentat, and Triphala, which have demonstrated potential radioprotective effects.

Vitamins and Radioprotective Effect: A Review.

The radioprotective effect ex vivo, in vitro and in vivo of vitamins was reviewed using PubMed and Embase and conducted according to the PRISMA statement. A total of 38 articles were included in this review, which includes the radioprotective effect of vitamins from ex vivo, in vitro and in vivo studies. Vitamins A, C, D and E were used alone, in combination or with other nutritional and non-nutritional compounds.

Same-day comparative protocol PET/CT-PET/MRI [ Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC in paragangliomas and pheochromocytomas: an approach to personalized medicine.

Background: PET/MRI is an emerging imaging modality which enables the evaluation and quantification of biochemical processes in tissues, complemented with accurate anatomical information and low radiation exposure. In the framework of theragnosis, PET/MRI is of special interest due to its ability to delineate small lesions, adequately quantify them, and therefore to plan targeted therapies. The aim of this study was to validate the diagnostic performance of [ Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC PET/MRI compared to PET/CT in advanced disease paragangliomas and pheochromocytomas (PGGLs) to assess in which clinical settings, PET/MRI may have a greater diagnostic yield.

Impact of Diabetes Mellitus in Patients with Pancreatic Neuro-Endocrine Tumors: Causes, Consequences, and Future Perspectives.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) are two entities closely linked together. DM has been described as a risk factor for the development of pNETs and for the aggressiveness of the disease. On the other hand, DM due to pNETs is frequently undiagnosed or misclassified as type 2 DM when it is due to type 3 DM.

Do Intestinal Unicellular Parasites Have a Role in the Inflammatory and Redox Status among the Severely Obese?

The diagnosis of obesity comprises subjects with totally different phenotypes and metabolic profiles. Systemic inflammation and oxidative stress derived from the white adipose tissue are suggested as the link between this disease and the development of insulin resistance and metabolic comorbidities. The presence of unicellular eukaryotic parasites colonizing the human gut ecosystem is a common circumstance, and yet their influence on the inflammatory and redox status of the obese host has not been assessed.

Response to targeted radionuclide therapy with [I]MIBG AND [Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE according to adrenal vs. extra-adrenal primary location in metastatic paragangliomas and pheochromocytomas: A systematic review.

Purpose: Targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) with [I]MIBG and [Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE is an alternative treatment to the classic schemes in slow progressive metastatic/inoperable paraganglioma (PGL) and pheochromocytoma (PHEO). There is no consensus on which treatment to administer and/or the best sequence in patients who are candidates for both therapies. To clarify these questions, this systematic review assesses the prognostic value of [I]MIBG and Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE (PRRT-Lu) treatments in terms of progression-free survival (PFS) both globally and considering the primary location.

The Potential Roles of Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers for Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the misfolding and aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) into Lewy bodies and the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The urge for an early diagnosis biomarker comes from the fact that clinical manifestations of PD are estimated to appear once the substantia nigra has deteriorated and there has been a reduction of the dopamine levels from the striatum. Nowadays, extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of neuro-degenerative diseases as PD.

Appraising pancreatic fistula in pancreas transplantation: A comprehensive complication index based analysis of postoperative outcomes and predictors of graft survival.

Background: A definition of pancreatic fistula specifically addressing pancreas transplantation (PT) is lacking. This study sought to characterize pancreatic fistula in this setting and to define its clinical relevance on the postoperative course and long-term graft survival (GS).

Methods: Consecutive simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantations were analysed.

Interplay between Intestinal Bacterial Communities and Unicellular Parasites in a Morbidly Obese Population: A Neglected Trinomial.

Obesity is an epidemic causing a metabolic health crisis. Herein, the interactions between the gut prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities, metabolic comorbidities and diet were studied. Stool samples from 56 subjects, 47 with type III obesity and 9 with type II obesity and cardiovascular risk or metabolic disease, were assessed for the richness, diversity and ecology of the bacterial gut community through metagenomics, together with the study of the presence of common unicellular eukaryote parasites ( sp.

Diabetes Does Not Increase the Risk of Hospitalization Due to COVID-19 in Patients Aged 50 Years or Older in Primary Care-APHOSDIAB-COVID-19 Multicenter Study.

The purpose of this study was to identify clinical, analytical, and sociodemographic variables associated with the need for hospital admission in people over 50 years infected with SARS-CoV-2 and to assess whether diabetes mellitus conditions the risk of hospitalization. A multicenter case-control study analyzing electronic medical records in patients with COVID-19 from 1 March 2020 to 30 April 2021 was conducted. We included 790 patients: 295 cases admitted to the hospital and 495 controls.

NUTRARET: Effect of 2-Year Nutraceutical Supplementation on Redox Status and Visual Function of Patients With Retinitis Pigmentosa: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of retinitis pigmentosa (RP). The main goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of 2-year nutritional intervention with antioxidant nutraceuticals on the visual function of RP patients. Secondly, we assessed how nutritional intervention affected ocular and systemic redox status.

Executive Summary from Expert consensus on effectiveness and safety of iDPP-4 in the treatment of patients with diabetes and COVID-19.

Background: This consensus aims to clarify the role of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 inhibitors (iDPP-4) in managing patients with diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials And Methods: A PubMed bibliographic search was carried out (December 2019-February 2021). Oxford methodology was used for the evaluation of evidence and possible recommendations were established by consensus.

Effectiveness and safety of dapagliflozin in real-life patients: data from the DAPA-RWE Spanish multicentre study.

Background: This study aims to evaluate dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in clinical practice in Spain.

Methods: This is a retrospective study including adults with T2D under stable antidiabetic therapy, with either dapagliflozin or sitagliptin ≥6 months, before inclusion. Data about the effectiveness and safety of dapagliflozin are presented.

[Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE and [I]MIBG Phenotypic Imaging-Based Therapy in Metastatic/Inoperable Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas: Comparative Results in a Single Center.

Purpose: The aim of the study is to assess phenotypic imaging patterns and the response to treatment with [Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE and/or [I]MIBG in paragangliomas (PGLs) and pheochromocytomas (PHEOs), globally and according to the primary location.

Methods: This is a 17-patient retrospective observational study, with 9 cases treated with [Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE and 8 with [I]MIBG (37 total treatments). Functional imaging scans and treatment responses were studied in order to choose the best therapeutic option and to define the progression-free survival (PFS) and disease control rate (DCR) according to treatment modality and primary location.

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Use in People Living with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Narrative Review of the Key Evidence with Practical Considerations.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are incretin-mimetic agents that are effective adjuncts in the treatment of diabetes. This class of medications is also associated with promoting weight loss and a low risk of hypoglycemia, and some have been shown to be associated with a significant reduction of major cardiovascular events. Mounting evidence suggests that GLP-1 RAs have benefits beyond reducing blood glucose that include improving kidney function in people living with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), a common microvascular complication of T2DM.