Reliability and agreement analysis among 5 subjective methods of ocular torsion measurement.

Objective: To evaluate the reliability in the measurement of ocular torsion and the agreement of the following subjective methods: double Maddox test, synoptophore, Gracis torsionometer, Harms screen and Awaya cyclodeviation test.

Method: Patients with vertical strabismus acquired in adulthood were recruited and ocular torsion was measured with the 5 methods described on three occasions. As a gold standard test does not exist, the one that obtained the best repeatability data was chosen as the reference test.

Inferior oblique muscle belly transposition and myopexy for diplopia.

To evaluate the outcomes of and review the indications for Inferior oblique muscle belly transposition in adults with diplopia and small-angle hypertropia associated with mild or moderate upshoot in adduction. We retrospectively analyzed data for the six patients who underwent the technique. Surgery was performed by suturing the inferior oblique belly to the sclera at 5 mm posterior to the temporal pole of the inferior rectus.

Efficacy and complications of transposition surgery in Duane esotropia syndrome.

Objective: To study the long-term efficacy and the complications of several transposition techniques for the treatment of Duane syndrome. These included, full vertical rectus transposition, partial vertical rectus transposition, transposition without muscle disinsertion, and superior rectus transposition.

Material And Methods: A retrospective study of the patients diagnosed with Duane syndrome, and who underwent any of the different transposition techniques associated or not to the medial rectus recession with a follow-up longer than 12 months.

Current trends of strabismus surgery in a tertiary hospital.

Objective: To analyze the strabismus surgeries and the outcomes during a year and a half in a tertiary hospital.

Material And Methods: A retrospective study of patients who underwent strabismus surgery. The mean age, sex, diagnosis, diplopia, surgery, anesthesia, adjustable sutures, results, reoperations and follow up time from surgery were analyzed.

Unilateral accommodation spasm: Case report and literature review.

This case report describes a probable unilateral accommodation spasm in a 10 year-old girl with no significant medical history. The right eye showed decreased visual acuity, 0.2 to 0.

Causes and surgical treatment of diplopia and strabismus secondary to myasthenia gravis.

Objective: To present a report of the ocular motility disorders, treatment and outcomes of myasthenia gravis (MG).

Material And Method: A retrospective study was performed on the data of patients with MG. An evaluation was made using mean age, gender, initial diagnosis, ocular deviation, time of onset of clinical characteristics, treatment and results.

Indications and outcome of vertical rectus partial recessions.

Objective: To assess the indications and results obtained with partial vertical recti recessions in patients with diplopia and small-angle vertical strabismus (≤10 dp).

Material And Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 9 patients that were operated on with partial temporal or nasal recession of the superior (SR) or inferior rectus (IR), during 2017. A good outcome was considered when diplopia was resolved in primary position and infraversion, at the end of follow-up.

Adjustable Strabismus Surgery under Topical Anesthesia: Alignment in Supine vs Seated Position.

Purpose: To compare ocular deviation in the operating room depending on whether the patient is in supine decubitus or seated after single-stage adjustable strabismus surgery under topical anesthesia.

Material And Method: We performed a prospective observational study of 30 patients with horizontal and/or vertical strabismus who underwent single stage adjustable strabismus surgery under topical anesthesia. Both distance and near deviation were evaluated before surgery, during surgery in both positions (seated and supine), and at 1 day, 1 month, and 3 months after surgery.

Orbital magnetic resonance imaging is useful in age-related distance esotropia.

Purpose: To describe findings for orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with age-related distance esotropia (ARDE).

Methods: We compared 31 orbital MRI from patients with ARDE (77±7 SD years) with 2 control groups: 32 orbits from individuals aged 18-50 years (33±8 SD years) and 16 orbits from individuals aged >60 years (77±7 SD years). MRI scans were acquired using 3D fast field echo in T1 sequence without fat saturation.

Age-related distance esotropia: Clinical features and therapeutic outcomes.

Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of a group of patients with age-related distance esotropia (ARDE).

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on a consecutive case series of 16 adult patients diagnosed with ARDE between 2008 and 2015. The clinical features evaluated included mean age and gender, primary position deviations at distance and near, measured in prism dioptres (pd), treatment offered in each case, and post-surgical deviations.

Minimally Invasive Strabismus Surgery (MISS) Compared with the Fornix Approach in Pediatric Horizontal Strabismus Surgery.

Objective: To compare minimally invasive strabismus surgery (MISS) with the fornix approach in horizontal strabismus operations.

Patients And Methods: We performed a retrospective study of all patients aged ≤ 12 years who underwent symmetrical surgery of the medial or lateral recti over a 1-year period. MISS was performed in one eye, and fornix opening was performed in the contralateral.

[Consecutive exotropia surgery].

Purpose: To evaluate the factors involved in the development of consecutive exotropia (XTc), and the surgical procedures used for its treatment.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective study on 30 patients who underwent surgery for XTc was carried out in our Department. The following characteristics were studied prior to surgery: anamnesis, refraction, deviation angle measurement, detection of amblyopia and diplopia prior to the operation, abnormal head posture rotations and presence of any vertical deviation and anisotropy.

[Post-cataract surgery diplopia: etiology and treatment].

Purpose: To know the causes and treatment of diplopia observed after cataract surgery.

Methods: We make a descriptive retrospective study on 19 cases with persistent binocular diplopia following cataract surgery.

Results: They were classified by aetiology in four groups: myotoxic effects in surgery act (47.

[Superior oblique sharpening in Brown's syndrome "plus". Results].

Purpose: To study the results found in patients with congenital and constant Brown's Syndrome who were surgically treated with superior oblique sharpening technique.

Method: Nine patients were selected among nineteen cases diagnosed of Brown's Syndrome in our Department for 4 years. Indications for surgery were vertical deviation in primary position and/or torticollis.