Split cord malformation concomitant with spinal teratoma without open spinal dysraphism.

Purpose: Split cord malformation (SCM) presenting concomitant with spinal teratoma without any open spinal dysraphism has rarely been reported in the literature. We aimed to make a systematic review and qualitative analysis of the literature about the topic and present the first case of SCM concomitant with spinal teratoma harboring papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) component.

Methods: Two big search tools (Pubmed/MEDLINE) and Scopus were used.

Retrospective analysis of 195 surgically treated cases of chronic subdural hematoma.

Introduction: The incidence of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is increasing. This study evaluates the etiologic causes and findings of CSDH and compared unilateral CSDH with bilateral CSDH. This study aims to draw attention to this increasingly prevalent condition.

Can Intracranial Vertebral Artery Hypoplasia be an Etiopathogenetic Factor for Barré-Ličou Syndrome Other than Arcuate Foramen? A Retrospective Clinical Study and Review of Literature.

Aim: To investigate the co-occurrence of the arcuate foramen (AF) variation of atlas and intracranial vertebral artery (V4) hypoplasia and, therefore, to understand the pathophysiology of Barré-Ličou syndrome (BLS). The AF localizes on the vertebral artery (VA) sulcus posterior to the atlas and has incomplete and complete types. Complete-type AF can exert pressure on the VA that passes through it, resulting in vertebrobasilar insufficiency finding, a BLS component.

Challenges in Using the Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery for Revascularization of the Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery: A Microsurgical Anatomic Study.

Background: A bypass is usually required to prevent ischemia during the treatment of anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) aneurysms. The intracranial (IC)-to-IC bypass provides several advantages over the extracranial-to-IC bypass in the posterior fossa. However, there are only 2 case reports about AICA revascularization with the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA).

Locally Used Antibiotics for Spinal Infection Prophylaxis and Their Effects on Epidural Fibrosis: an Experimental Laminectomy Study in Rats Using Rifamycin and Gentamycin.

The study aims to assess the effects of antibiotics (ABs), which are typically used in spinal infection prophylaxis, on the formation of epidural fibrosis (EF). Specifically, we investigated the effect of rifamycin and gentamycin on EF formation in laminectomized rats. Thirty-two rats were randomly and equally divided into four groups as follows: laminectomy and physiological saline (0.

Familial Chiari Type 1: A Molecular Karyotyping Study in a Turkish Family and Review of the Literature.

Background: The etiology of Chiari I malformation (CMI) has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we performed a genetic study of a Turkish family in which 3 sisters had a diagnosis of CMI with or without syringomyelia.

Methods: In a family with 7 children, 4 daughters complained of occipital headaches.

Prevalence of Anomalously Originating Occipital Artery in a Group of Turkish Individuals: A Retrospective Study using Angiography.

Aim: To investigated the prevalence of anomalously originating occipital artery (OA) using angiography in a group of Turkish individuals.

Material And Methods: The images recorded in the picture archiving and communication system for a total of 114 patients, in which the whole vertebral artery, as well as the external carotid artery (ECA) and its branches, were visualized, were retrospectively reviewed. Images were obtained using a Toshiba INFNX-i 8000V (Canon Medical Systems, Otawara, Tochigi, Japan) angiography device.

Irreversible Footdrop as a Consequence of Neglected Knee Pain in an Adolescent with a Peroneal Intraneural Ganglion Cyst.

Background: Peroneal intraneural ganglion cysts (IGCs) are nonneoplastic lesions. They are responsible for a small number of footdrop cases, which occur after additional nerve damage. The earliest patient symptom related to IGCs is knee pain.

Is there a relationship between blood lipids and lumbar disc herniation in young Turkish adults?

Introduction: Atherosclerosis might diminish the nutrient supply to intervertebral discs (IVD), leading to disc herniation. Therefore, there is interest in determining the possible association between the blood lipid profile and lumbar disc herniation (LDH). We aimed to evaluate the association between blood lipids and LDH in a homogeneous group of patients, controlling for age- and sex-specific effects.

Comparison of clinical features and surgical outcome in focal cortical dysplasia type 1 and type 2.

Introduction: Recent ILAE classification defined focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) patients with accompanying epileptic lesions as a separate group. We investigated data of patients with sole FCD lesions regarding long-term seizure outcome and different characteristics of FCD type 1 and type 2 patients.

Methods: Eighty children and adult patients underwent surgery for FCD were included to the analysis of factors differentiating FCD type 1 and type 2 groups and their effect on long-term outcome.

Semivertical Incision: An Aesthetically and Electrophysiologically Effective Mini-Incision Technique for Carpal Tunnel Decompression.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to present the clinical results of our retrospective series of carpal tunnel release (CTR) operations. For these operations we used a unique type of incision, for the first time, for treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) consisting of a 1-cm semi-vertical (SV) incision made into the wrist crease for macroscopic open CTR. MATERIAL AND METHODS This retrospective study included 114 patients (101 females and 13 males) with CTR who were operated upon in our neurosurgery clinic between December 2010 and June 2015.

The Association between Sagittal Index, Canal Compromise, Loss of Vertebral Body Height, and Severity of Spinal Cord Injury in Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures.

Aim: Our aim was to determine whether a combination of sagittal index (SI), canal compromise (CC), and loss of vertebral body height (LVBH) is associated with the severity of neurological injury in patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures.

Materials And Methods: Seventy-four patients with thoracolumbar burst fracture undergoing instrumentation between 2010 and 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. The degree of neurological injury was determined using the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) scoring system.

Is the Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity Score (TLICS) Superior to the AO Thoracolumbar Injury Classification System for Guiding the Surgical Management of Unstable Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures without Neurological Deficit?

Aim: To determine whether the Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity Score (TLICS) and the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO) Spine Thoracolumbar Injury Classification System have any superiority to each other regarding the reliability of their recommendations in the surgical management of unstable thoracolumbar burst fractures.

Material And Methods: Fifty-five consecutive patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures undergoing instrumentation between 2010 and 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. TLICS and AO systems were compared based on patients" American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) scores and they were analyzed for their safety and reliability.

Vascular Variations Associated with Intracranial Aneurysms.

Aim: To investigate the vascular variations in patients with intracranial aneurysm in circle of Willis.

Material And Methods: We used the data on 128 consecutive intracranial aneurysm cases. Cerebral angiography images were analyzed retrospectively.

The surgical treatment of far lateral lumbar disc herniation: 33 cases.

Surgical approaches to far lateral disc herniation are challenging because of the anatomical limitations in the region. We describe an extraforaminal approach for far lateral lumbar disc herniation (FLLDH) in a group of patients and discuss the results in patients with far lateral disc protrusion or extrusion operated on by an approach to the extraforaminal region via an intertransverse route with median or paramedian incisions. The two methods are compared in terms of the pre- and postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores, duration of the operation, amount of bleeding, and long-term functional recovery.

Superior medullary velum: anatomical-histological study in the sheep brain and a preliminary tractographic study in the human brain.

Aim: To study the anatomy, histology and fiber relations of the superior medullary velum.

Material And Methods: Ten previously frozen and formalin-fixed sheep brains were used. The fiber dissection was done using the operating microscope at the Rhoton Anatomy Laboratory of Marmara Faculty of Medicine.

[Effects of anti-edema drugs on diffuse cerebral edema in rats: experimental study].

Background: Traumatic brain edema is one of the most common problems encountered in neurosurgical practice and it leads to morbidity and mortality via increased intracranial pressure. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of hypertonic saline on traumatic brain edema in comparison to mannitol.

Methods: Eighty adult male Sprauge-Dawley rats weighting 300-350 g were used in this experimental study.

Simvastatin reduces VEGF and NO levels in acute stages of experimental traumatic brain injury.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of simvastatin, a cholesterol-lowering agent, on vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), nitric oxide (NO) levels and neuroprotection, in rats with experimentally induced traumatic brain injury (TBI). Forty Wistar albino rats were categorized into four groups: sham operated (S), trauma (T), trauma + vehicle (T + V) and trauma + simvastatin (T + S). The T, T + V and T + S groups were subjected to TBI.

Transanal protrusion of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter.

A two years old boy presented with a transanal protrusion of the ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt catheter. A VP shunt was inserted when the boy was six-month-old for congenital hydrocephalus. He was active and neurologically normal, with no signs of meningitis and peritoneal irritation.

Aneurysmal bone cysts of the spine.

Purpose: Aneurysmal bone cyst is a benign, relatively uncommon lesion, representing 1.4 % of primary bone tumors. The vertebral column is involved in 3-30 % of cases.

Traumatic intraventricular hemorrhage with a good prognosis.

We report a 10-year-old girl with an isolated traumatic intraventricular hemorrhage following a traffic accident, who had a good prognosis. Her neurological examination upon arrival was normal and she had no complaint other than headache and vomiting. Computed tomography on admission showed a hemorrhage in the lateral and fourth ventricles.

The thickness of the ligamentum flavum in relation to age and gender.

Hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum (LF) can reduce the diameter of the spinal canal posteriorly. Such stenosis may significantly compress the dural sac and nerve roots, resulting in symptoms, even without a bulging anulus fibrosus or herniated nucleus pulposus. We conducted an anatomical study to determine the influence of age and gender on the thickness of the LF at the lower lumbar levels using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

A 13-year-old girl with a cystic cerebellar lesion: consider the hydatid cyst.

We report a 13-year-old girl with a hydatid cyst located in the posterior fossa. The pre-operative diagnosis was a cerebellar tumour; the cyst was operated on using puncture, aspiration, irrigation and resection. Sixteen months post-operatively, the patient is in a good health.

Influence of age and sex on lumbar vertebral morphometry determined using sagittal magnetic resonance imaging.

We evaluated age-related changes in the morphometric features of lumbar vertebrae in both sexes using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Midsagittal MRI scans of 366 individuals (156 males, 210 females; 25-82 years old) were evaluated retrospectively. The anterior height (H(a)), central height (H(c)), posterior height (H(p)), and anteroposterior diameter (D) of the body of each lumbar vertebra were measured.