Depression, anxiety and worry in young Pacific adults in New Zealand during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: To measure symptoms of anxiety, depression and hopelessness in a sample of young Pacific adults living in Auckland, New Zealand during the 2020/2021 COVID-19 pandemic and identify protective factors.

Methods: Participants were 267 Pacific adults (58% female) who completed a survey online. Analyses included descriptive statistics, correlations, linear regression and symptom network analysis.

Glycaemic and Appetite Suppression Effect of a Vegetable-Enriched Bread.

Bread, a frequently consumed food, is an ideal vehicle for addition of ingredients that increase nutrient density and add health benefits. This experimental cross-over study sought to test the effect of a vegetable-enriched bread (VB) in comparison to commercial white bread (WB) and wheatmeal bread (WMB) on serum glucose, insulin response and subjective appetite suppression. On three separate occasions, 10 participants (23 ± 7 years) visited the laboratory and consumed after an overnight fast, in random order, a 75 g serve of WB, WMB or VB.

Upper respiratory tract symptom risk in elite field hockey players during a dry run for the Tokyo Olympics.

The primary aim of this study was to examine if biomarker and/or self-reported data could predict upper respiratory tract symptom (URTS) risk in elite field hockey players. The secondary aim was to investigate the effect of the additional stressor 'repeated heat exposure' on measures of thermoregulation and immunity. A prospective cohort repeated measures study design was used to collect URTS, household illness, self-reported wellness, biomarker and thermoregulatory data from elite male field hockey players ( = 19), during an 8-week training and competition period that simulated the preparatory and competition phases of the 2020 Tokyo Olympics.

Risk factors at five-year survival in grade 3 breast cancer: a retrospective observational study of the New Zealand population.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in New Zealand, with approximately 3000 new registrations annually, affecting one in nine women and resulting in more than 600 deaths. This study analyzed data of patients with selected prognostic factors of Nottingham grade 3 tumors over a specified five-year period. The study aimed to identify factors that result in differential survival in the female, New Zealand population.

Effect of anticoagulants on farmed giant kokopu, Galaxias argenteus (Gmelin 1789) haematological parameters and erythrocyte fragility.

We sought to determine a compatible anticoagulant for routine haematological and physiological assessments with giant kokopu (Galaxias argenteus), an endemic New Zealand fish. We observed that blood treated with lithium heparin (LH) rapidly coagulated and haemolysed, making it unsuitable for G. argenteus.

Stability of Heart Rate at Physiological Thresholds Between Temperate and Heat Stress Environments in Endurance-Trained Males.

Many endurance athletes perform specific blocks of training in hot environments in "heat stress training camps." It is not known if physiological threshold heart rates measured in temperate conditions are reflective of those under moderate environmental heat stress. A total of 16 endurance-trained cyclists and triathletes performed incremental exercise assessments in 18°C and 35°C (both 60% relative humidity) to determine heart rates at absolute blood lactate and ventilatory thresholds.

Predictors of upper respiratory tract symptom risk: Differences between elite rugby union and league players.

This study examined possible predictors of upper respiratory tract symptom (URTS) episodes in elite rugby union and league players (n = 51) during intensive pre-season training. Baseline saliva and blood samples were collected in the first week of pre-season training for analysis of salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) and cytomegalovirus. Thereafter, SIgA, URTS, internal training load and self-reported wellness data were repeatedly measured throughout a 10-week pre-season training period.

Effect of Probiotic in Early Pregnancy on Plasma Conjugated Bile Acids in a Randomised Controlled Trial.

We have previously shown that probiotic supplementation with HN001 (HN001) led to a reduced incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Here we investigate whether HN001 supplementation resulted in alterations in fasting lipids, insulin resistance, or bile acids (BAs) during pregnancy. Fasting plasma samples collected at 24-30 weeks' gestation, from 348 women randomised at 14-16 weeks' gestation to consume daily probiotic HN001 ( = 172) or a placebo ( = 176) were analysed for lipids, insulin, glucose and BAs.

Household illness is the strongest predictor of upper respiratory tract symptom risk in elite rugby union players.

Objectives: To identify periods of increased risk for upper respiratory tract symptom (URTS) episodes, and examine whether biomarkers and/or self-reported lifestyle and wellness data can predict URTS risk in elite rugby union players.

Design: Prospective, longitudinal and repeated-measures study.

Methods: Salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), salivary cortisol, URTS, internal training load and self-reported lifestyle and wellness data including household illness, stress, mood, fatigue, muscle soreness and sleep quality were repeatedly measured in elite Southern hemisphere rugby union players (n=28) throughout a season.

Adaptation to a ketogenic diet modulates adaptive and mucosal immune markers in trained male endurance athletes.

This study examined the effect of short-term adaptation to a ketogenic diet (KD) on resting and post-exercise immune markers. Using a randomized, repeated-measures, crossover design, eight trained, male, endurance athletes ingested a 31-day low carbohydrate (CHO), KD (energy intake: 4% CHO; 78% fat) or their habitual diet (HD) (energy intake: 43% CHO; 38% fat). On days 0 and 31, participants ran to exhaustion at 70% VO .

Immune response in probiotic-fed New Zealand black-footed abalone (Haliotis iris) under Vibrio splendidus challenge.

Vibriosis disease is a major constraint for sustainable molluscan aquaculture. Development of strategies to enhance disease resistance during grow out would greatly reduce stock mortality and boost production yields. In this study, New Zealand black-footed abalone (Haliotis iris) were fed a commercial diet enhanced with multi-strain probiotics (Exiguobacterium JHEb1, Vibrio JH1 and Enterococcus JHLDc) for four months, then challenged with an injection of pathogenic Vibrio splendidus.

Metabolic and immune responses of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) smolts to a short-term poly (I:C) challenge.

Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly (I:C)] was administered in vivo to Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) post-smolts to determine the immune responses on haematological and cellular functional parameters, including spleen (SP), head kidney (HK) and red blood cell (RBC) cytokine expression, as well as serum metabolomics. Poly (I:C) in vivo (24 h exposure) did not affect fish haematological parameters, leucocyte phagocytic activity and phagocytic index, reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide production. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics revealed that poly (I:C) significantly altered the serum biochemistry profile of 25 metabolites.

Exogenous Ketone Supplementation and Keto-Adaptation for Endurance Performance: Disentangling the Effects of Two Distinct Metabolic States.

Ketone bodies (KB) provide an alternative energy source and uniquely modulate substrate metabolism during endurance exercise. Nutritional ketosis (blood KBs > 0.5 mM) can be achieved within minutes via exogenous ketone supplementation or days-to-weeks via conforming to a very low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet (KD).

Acute hyperketonaemia alters T-cell-related cytokine gene expression within stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells following prolonged exercise.

Purpose: We investigated the effect of the racemic β-hydroxybutyrate precursor, R,S-1,3-butanediol (BD), on T-cell-related cytokine gene expression within stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) following prolonged, strenuous exercise.

Methods: A repeated-measures, randomised, crossover study was conducted in nine healthy, trained male cyclists (age, 26.7 ± 5.

Advances in salmonid fish immunology: A review of methods and techniques for lymphoid tissue and peripheral blood leucocyte isolation and application.

Evaluating studies over the past almost 40 years, this review outlines the current knowledge and research gaps in the use of isolated leucocytes in salmonid immunology understanding. This contribution focuses on the techniques used to isolate salmonid immune cells and popular immunological assays. The paper also analyses the use of leucocytes to demonstrate immunomodulation following dietary manipulation, exposure to physical and chemical stressors, effects of pathogens and parasites, vaccine design and application strategies assessment.

Exercise intensity regulates the effect of heat stress on substrate oxidation rates during exercise.

Hyperthermia stimulates endogenous carbohydrate metabolism during exercise; however, it is not known if exercise intensity impacts the metabolic effect of heat stress. In the first study of this two-part investigation, endurance-trained male cyclists performed incremental exercise assessments in 18 and 35°C (60% rH). The stimulatory effect of heat stress on carbohydrate oxidation rates was greater at high vs.

Transport-Mediated Oxaliplatin Resistance Associated with Endogenous Overexpression of MRP2 in Caco-2 and PANC-1 Cells.

Our recent publications showed that multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2, encoded by the ABCC2 gene) conferred oxaliplatin resistance in human liver cancer HepG2 cells. However, the contribution of MRP2 to oxaliplatin resistance remains unclear in colorectal and pancreatic cancer lines. We investigated the effects of silencing MRP2 by siRNA on oxaliplatin accumulation and sensitivity in human colorectal cancer Caco-2 cells and pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells.

In vitro immune response of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide.

We investigated cellular functional and targeted immune cytokine responses of farmed Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro to LPS from Escherichia coli (E. coli) serotypes O111: B4 and O55: B5, and a phorbol ester phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Bacterial LPS and PMA significantly (p < 0.

Keeping Athletes Healthy at the 2020 Tokyo Summer Games: Considerations and Illness Prevention Strategies.

Keeping athletes healthy will be important for optimal athletic performance at the 2020 Tokyo Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games. Athletes will be exposed to several stressors during the preparatory and competition phases of the Summer Games that have the potential to depress immunity and increase illness risk. This mini-review provides an overview on effective and practical stressor-specific illness prevention strategies that can be implemented to maintain and protect the health of Olympic and Paralympic athletes.

Effect of a Ketogenic Diet on Submaximal Exercise Capacity and Efficiency in Runners.

Purpose: We investigated the effect of a 31-d ketogenic diet (KD) on submaximal exercise capacity and efficiency.

Methods: A randomized, repeated-measures, crossover study was conducted in eight trained male endurance athletes (V˙O2max, 59.4 ± 5.

Itaconic acid inhibits growth of a pathogenic marine Vibrio strain: A metabolomics approach.

The antimicrobial role of itaconic acid (ITA) has been recently discovered in mammalian cells. In our previous studies, we discovered that marine molluscs biosynthesise substantial quantities of ITA when exposed to marine pathogens, but its antimicrobial function to Vibrio bacteria is currently unknown. Thus, in this study, we used an untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) platform to identify metabolic changes of Vibrio sp.