Morphogenesis and functional aspects of the muscular layer of the middle deep cervical fascia in humans.

Background: In recent years, the fasciae of the human body have received significant attention because of their crucial role in the transmission of muscle force. However, studies on the development of the fasciae, particularly the cervical fascia, remain scarce.

Purpose: This study was performed to examine the development of the fascia of the infrahyoid strap muscles, also known as the middle layer of the deep cervical fascia (MDCF), in 17 human embryos aged 6-8 weeks and 20 human foetuses aged 9-14 weeks.

Development of the Interosseous Muscles of the Human Hand: Morphological and Functional Aspects of the Terminal Insertion.

Introduction: To date, there have been no studies conducted on the development of interosseous muscles (IO) in the human hand. This study aimed to investigate the development of these muscles in order to clarify their terminal insertions and their relationship with the metacarpophalangeal joints.

Methods: Serial sections of 25 human specimens (9 embryos and 16 fetuses) between the 7th and 14th weeks of development, sourced from the Collection of the Department of Anatomy and Embryology at UCM Faculty of Medicine, were analyzed bilaterally using a conventional optical microscope.

Anconeus and pronation: a palpatory and ultrasonographic study.

Purpose: Depending on its axis, pronation varies from the radius rotation around the steady ulna to the reciprocal adduction of the radius and abduction of the ulna. While there is no question that pronator teres is a central pronation agonist, anconeus's role is not settled. The current investigation comparing palpation and ultrasonography in these two muscles during pronation along the axis capitulum-second digit evolved from a serendipitous finding in a clinical anatomy seminar.

Examining the Forearm Intersection through Palpation and Ultrasonography.

Background: Forearm intersection syndrome causes pain, swelling, and a rub at the dorsal distal forearm where the first extensor compartment muscles intersect with the second compartment tendons. Although primary care settings tend to treat mild cases, high-performance athletes may suffer from severe symptoms that require surgery. This proof-of-concept study aims to help detect the anatomical substrate of forearm intersection syndrome using palpation and ultrasonography when available.

Palpation and Ultrasonography Reveal an Ignored Function of the Inferior Belly of Omohyoid: A Case Series and a Proof-of-Concept Study.

Background: Palpation, a traditional haptic ability, is used daily by practitioners of all medical and surgical specialties to assess patients. In the current study, one of the authors, in a routine clinical setting, was able to deduce the dynamic features of the putative inferior belly of omohyoid. This led to a proof-of-concept study that yielded results consistent with the clinical findings.

What happens under the flexor tendons of the fingers in dactylitis?

Aim: Tenosynovitis is one of the most frequently described inflammatory lesions in psoriatic dactylitis. The aim of the study was to assess by ultrasound the distribution of content within the synovial sheath of the finger flexor tendons in a cadaveric experimental model of tenosynovitis and to describe anatomically the elements of the space between the flexor tendons and the palmar aspect of the proximal phalanx of the fingers.

Material And Method: Silicone was injected under ultrasound guidance into the digital flexor sheath of the index finger of a hand specimen.

Study of the functional relationships between the buccinator muscle and the connective tissue of the cheek in humans.

Background: The buccinator muscle derives from the mesenchyme of the second pharyngeal arch. In adults, it has a quadrilateral shape, occupying the deepest part of the cheek region. Its function is complex, being active during swallowing, chewing, and sucking.

Palpation of the lateral bands of the extensor apparatus of the fingers. Anatomy of a neglected clinical finding.

This study aimed to determine by ultrasonography, and cadaveric dissection, whether the firm cords felt by palpation at the sides of the proximal phalanx (PP), actively flexing, and extending the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint while keeping the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint extended are the lateral bands (LBs) of the extensor apparatus. If so, palpation of the LBs could help evaluate hand conditions that impact the digits' intrinsic muscles. To this end, the PP of the middle and ring fingers of the dominant hand of seven subjects were studied by palpation on both sides.

A mini-incision carpal tunnel release technique to prevent pillar pain: A technical note.

Pillar pain represents one of the most common complications of classic open carpal tunnel release (CTR). This complication causes a sense of discomfort worse than the compression syndrome itself. We, herein, introduce a new treatment method for CTR through a mini-incision, which allows subcutaneously cutting the transverse carpal ligament (TCL) and releasing the median nerve without neurovascular complications.

The juxta-oral organ of Chievitz (organum yuxtaorale) updated: Embryology, anatomy, function and pathology.

Background: The Chievitz's organ or juxta-oral organ is a mysterious bilateral structure, phylogenetically preserved, which develops from the mouth epithelium as an invagination that loses connection to it in the prenatal period. It is located laterally to the walls of the oral cavity in an imprecise anatomical location and receives abundant innervation from the buccal nerve. Structurally it consists of non-keratinizing squamous-like neuroepithelial cells surrounded by two layers of connective tissue with nerve fibers and different morphotypes of sensory corpuscles.

Basic morphological characteristics of coracoid grafts obtained by open and arthroscopic Latarjet techniques: A comparative study.

Background: A knowledge of the anthropometric characteristics of the coracoid graft (CG) that can be obtained by the open and arthroscopic Latarjet techniques may be beneficial in the preoperative planning and intraoperative decision making for coracoid osteotomy and transfer. We have not found any study that compared the morphology of the CG that can be obtained from open and arthroscopic Latarjet techniques. The purpose of this study was to verify if the basic anthropometric characteristics of CGs are equivalent.

Comparison of Coracoid Graft Position and Fixation in the Open Versus Arthroscopic Latarjet Techniques: A Cadaveric Study.

Background: Since the description of the arthroscopic Latarjet technique, discussion about the superiority of the open or arthroscopic procedure has arisen. The appropriate placement of the coracoid graft (CG) on the anterior glenoid neck is reported to be the most important step of the Latarjet procedure.

Purpose: To verify if there are differences in the parameters that may affect the final position and fixation of CG obtained from the open and arthroscopic Latarjet techniques.

Early stages of development of the alar fascia (human specimens at 6-12 weeks of development).

In recent years, there has been much discussion concerning the cervical fasciae. The aim of this study is to confirm and to describe the development of the alar fascia as well as its relationship with nearby structures. Histological preparations of 25 human embryos (6-8 weeks of development) and 25 human fetuses (9-12 weeks of development) were studied bilaterally using a conventional optical microscope.

MRI inflammation of the hand interosseous tendons occurs in anti-CCP-positive at-risk individuals and may precede the development of clinical synovitis.

Unlabelled: Interosseous tendon inflammation (ITI) has been described in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Whether ITI occurs in at-risk individuals before the onset of clinical synovitis is unknown.

Objectives: To investigate, by MRI, ITI in anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP)-positive at-risk individuals (CCP +at risk) and to describe the anatomy, prevalence and clinical associations across the RA continuum.

Initial stages of development of the submandibular gland (human embryos at 5.5-8 weeks of development).

The aim of this study was to determine the main stages of submandibular salivary gland development during the embryonic period in humans. In addition, we studied submandibular salivary gland development in rats on embryonic days 14-16 and expression in the submandibular salivary gland region with the monoclonal antibody HNK-1. Serial sections from 25 human embryos with a greatest length ranging from 10 to 31 mm (Carnegie stages 16-23; weeks 5.

Development of the long head of the biceps brachial tendon: A possible explanation of the anatomical variations.

The anatomical variations of the proximal portion of the long head of the biceps brachii tendon (LHBT) are rarely observed in clinical practice. However, an increase in the rate of shoulder arthroscopic surgery has led to an increase in the observation of anatomical variations of this region. The aim of this work was to analyze the development of the LHBT in 23 human embryos ranging from the 6th to 8th weeks of development.

Development of the Human Biceps Brachii Tendon and Coracoglenoid Ligament (7th-12th Week of Development).

The goal of this study is to clarify the development of the long head of the biceps brachii tendon (LHBT) and to verify the existence and development of the coracoglenoid ligament. Histological preparations of 22 human embryos (7-8 weeks of development) and 43 human fetuses (9-12 weeks of development) were studied bilaterally using a conventional optical microscope. The articular interzone gives rise to the LHBT, glenoid labrum, and articular capsule.

Development of synovial membrane in the temporomandibular joint of the human fetus.

The development of the synovial membrane was analyzed in serial sections of 21 temporomandibular joints of human fetuses at 9 to 13 weeks of gestation. Sections of two fetuses at 12 weeks of development were used to perform immunohistochemical expression of the markers CD68 and Hsp27 on the synovial lining. Macrophage-like type A and fibroblast-like type B cells, which express CD68 and Hsp27, respectively, were observed at the twelfth week of development.

Analysis by Light, Scanning, and Transmission Microscopy of the Intima Synovial of the Temporomandibular Joint of Human Fetuses during the Development.

Objective. To characterize morphologically and ultrastructurally using light microscopy, the scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy the intima synovial of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of human fetuses between the 10th and the 38th week of development. Materials and Methods.

Embryonic and early fetal period development and morphogenesis of human craniovertebral junction.

Several studies have focused on the cartilaginous, articular, and ligamentous development of the craniovertebral joint (CVJ), but there are no unifying criteria regarding the origin and morphogenetic timetable of the structures that make up the CVJ. In our study, serial sections of 53 human embryonic (n = 27) and fetal (n = 26) specimens from O'Rahilly stages 17-23 and 9-13 weeks, respectively, have been analyzed. Our results demonstrate that the chondrification of the pars basioccipitalis and exoccipitalis becomes observable at stage 19, and all future bones in the CVJ are in their cartilaginous form except for the future odontoid process.

Development of the platysma muscle and the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (human specimens at 8-17 weeks of development).

There is controversy regarding the description of the different regions of the face of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) and its relationship with the superficial mimetic muscles. The purpose of this study is to analyze the development of the platysma muscle and the SMAS in human specimens at 8-17 weeks of development using an optical microscope. Furthermore, we propose to study the relationship of the anlage of the SMAS and the neighbouring superficial mimetic muscles.

Development of the ciliary body: morphological changes in the distal portion of the optic cup in the human.

This study seeks to determine the main events that occur in the development of the ciliary body (CB) in the 5-14th week of development. The CB develops from the distal portion of the optic cup (OC) and the neighboring mesenchyme. During the 5th week of development, 4 zones were observed in the distal portion of the OC: in zone 1, the epithelia of the outer and inner layers of the OC came into contact.