Impact of the 2008 economic crisis on the burden of hepatitis B and C diseases in Southern European countries.

Background: The economic crisis that began in 2008 has severely affected Southern (Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain) Western European (SWE) countries of Western Europe (WE) and may have affected ongoing efforts to eliminate viral hepatitis. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of the economic crisis on the burden of HBV and HCV disease.

Methods: Global Burden of Diseases 2019 data were used to analyse the rates of epidemiological metrics of HBV and HCV acute and chronic infections in SWE and WE.

Respiratory complex I regulates dendritic cell maturation in explant model of human tumor immune microenvironment.

Background: Combining cytotoxic chemotherapy or novel anticancer drugs with T-cell modulators holds great promise in treating advanced cancers. However, the response varies depending on the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Therefore, there is a clear need for pharmacologically tractable models of the TIME to dissect its influence on mono- and combination treatment response at the individual level.

Comprehensive Inherited Risk Estimation for Risk-Based Breast Cancer Screening in Women.

Purpose: Family history (FH) and pathogenic variants (PVs) are used for guiding risk surveillance in selected high-risk women but little is known about their impact for breast cancer screening on population level. In addition, polygenic risk scores (PRSs) have been shown to efficiently stratify breast cancer risk through combining information about common genetic factors into one measure.

Methods: In longitudinal real-life data, we evaluate PRS, FH, and PVs for stratified screening.

Vacuum-assisted excision of small breast cancers under ultrasound guidance.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate if it is possible to completely remove small breast cancer tumours with vacuum-assisted excision (VAE) under ultrasound guidance.

Methods: Women ≥ 50 years old with a biopsy proven invasive cancer ≤ 10 mm were selected between October 2021 and November 2021 based on referrals and enrolled in this prospective study. The patients underwent VAE within six weeks following biopsy to remove the tumour.

Ultrasonic scissors decrease postoperative bleeding complications in mastectomy: A retrospective multicenter cohort study on 728 patients.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of postoperative bleeding complications (primary outcome) and any other surgical complications (secondary outcome) in mastectomy between two surgical instruments, ultrasonic SonoSurg® scissors (US) and traditional electrocautery (EC).

Materials And Methods: In total 728 patients undergoing mastectomy in two adjacent university hospitals were retrospectively evaluated in terms of postoperative bleeding episodes, surgical site infections, skin flap necrosis, and any reoperations for 30 postoperative days. A propensity score matching was performed to acquire balanced groups.

Long-Term Survival Outcomes of Patients with Small (≤1 cm) Node-Negative HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Not Treated with Adjuvant Anti-HER2-Targeted Therapy: A 10-Year Follow-Up Study.

Introduction: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression is considered an unfavourable prognostic factor in early breast cancer when the patients are not treated with HER2-targeted therapy. However, the long-term prognostic importance of HER2 expression in small (≤1 cm, stage pT1a-b), node-negative HER2* breast cancer is still incompletely known.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed based on a prospectively collected database including patients with pT1 breast cancer operated at the Helsinki University Hospital, Finland, between March 2000 and April 2006.

Delay in the initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer with mastectomy with or without immediate breast reconstruction.

Background: Patients with breast cancer undergoing mastectomy should be offered the option of immediate breast reconstruction (IBR). The aim of this retrospective study was to assess whether there is a delay in the initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients undergoing mastectomy with or without IBR.

Method: The study included patients aged 70 years or younger with clinically node-negative breast cancer who underwent unilateral mastectomy with IBR (IBR group) or mastectomy alone (no-IBR group) followed by adjuvant chemotherapy at the Helsinki University Hospital between January 2012 to July 2018.

Oncological Safety of Skin-Sparing Mastectomy and Immediate Breast Reconstruction in Extensive Ductal Carcinoma In Situ.

Introduction: Skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM) with immediate breast reconstruction is the ideal treatment for interested and suitable patients with extensive ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). There is no guideline to indicate on how large DCIS the procedure can be performed safely. The primary target of this study was to define the oncological safety of SSM in extensive pure DCIS.

Reoperation rate of ductal carcinoma in situ: impact of tomosynthesis (3D) and spot magnification.

Background: Surgical planning depends on precise preoperative assessment of the radiological extent of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Despite different modalities used, reoperation rates for DCIS due to involved margins are high.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of additional imaging views (spot magnification, tomosynthesis) on surgical reoperation rate of DCIS.

Same-day mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection is safe for most patients with breast cancer.

Background And Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of same-day mastectomy, with or without a sentinel node biopsy (SNB) and/or axillary lymph node dissection (ALND).

Methods: In this retrospective study, we reviewed 913 consecutive women who underwent a simple mastectomy for breast cancer between the years 2014 and 2019 and were treated either with same-day surgery (SDS) or an overnight stay (OS) regime. We reviewed all surgical complications, any unplanned return to care (RTC) and the rehospitalization rate for 30 postoperative days.

Compressive stress-mediated p38 activation required for ERα + phenotype in breast cancer.

Breast cancer is now globally the most frequent cancer and leading cause of women's death. Two thirds of breast cancers express the luminal estrogen receptor-positive (ERα + ) phenotype that is initially responsive to antihormonal therapies, but drug resistance emerges. A major barrier to the understanding of the ERα-pathway biology and therapeutic discoveries is the restricted repertoire of luminal ERα + breast cancer models.

Comparison of vacuum-assisted excision (VAE) and breast lesion excision system (BLES) in the treatment of intraductal papillomas.

Purpose: This study aims to compare the feasibility of VAE and BLES in the treatment of intraductal papillomas.

Material And Methods: Patients with a suspected intraductal papilloma who underwent a BLES or a VAE procedure were included in this retrospective study. The BLES procedures were performed between November 2011 and June 2016 and the VAE procedures between May 2018 and September 2020 at the Department of Radiology of Helsinki University Hospital (HUH).

Breast reconstruction after breast cancer surgery - persistent pain and quality of life 1-8 years after breast reconstruction.

Objectives: To assess the long-term outcome of breast reconstructions with special focus on chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) in a larger cohort of breast cancer survivors.

Methods: A cross-sectional study on 121 women with mastectomy and breast reconstruction after mean 2 years 4 months follow up. The mean time from breast reconstruction to the follow-up visit was 4 years 2 months.

The role of polygenic risk and susceptibility genes in breast cancer over the course of life.

Polygenic risk scores (PRS) for breast cancer have potential to improve risk prediction, but there is limited information on their utility in various clinical situations. Here we show that among 122,978 women in the FinnGen study with 8401 breast cancer cases, the PRS modifies the breast cancer risk of two high-impact frameshift risk variants. Similarly, we show that after the breast cancer diagnosis, individuals with elevated PRS have an elevated risk of developing contralateral breast cancer, and that the PRS can considerably improve risk assessment among their female first-degree relatives.

Estimating global injuries morbidity and mortality: methods and data used in the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study.

Background: While there is a long history of measuring death and disability from injuries, modern research methods must account for the wide spectrum of disability that can occur in an injury, and must provide estimates with sufficient demographic, geographical and temporal detail to be useful for policy makers. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study used methods to provide highly detailed estimates of global injury burden that meet these criteria.

Methods: In this study, we report and discuss the methods used in GBD 2017 for injury morbidity and mortality burden estimation.

Axillary nodal metastatic burden in patients with breast cancer with clinically positive axillary nodes.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine preoperative factors and tumour characteristics related to a high nodal tumour burden in patients with clinically node-positive breast cancer. These findings were used to construct a predictive tool to evaluate the patient-specific risk of having more than two axillary lymph node metastases.

Methods: Altogether, 507 consecutive patients with breast cancer and axillary lymph node metastasis diagnosed by preoperative ultrasound-guided needle biopsy were reviewed.

Global trends of hand and wrist trauma: a systematic analysis of fracture and digit amputation using the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study.

Background: As global rates of mortality decrease, rates of non-fatal injury have increased, particularly in low Socio-demographic Index (SDI) nations. We hypothesised this global pattern of non-fatal injury would be demonstrated in regard to bony hand and wrist trauma over the 27-year study period.

Methods: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 was used to estimate prevalence, age-standardised incidence and years lived with disability for hand trauma in 195 countries from 1990 to 2017.

Falls in older aged adults in 22 European countries: incidence, mortality and burden of disease from 1990 to 2017.

Introduction: Falls in older aged adults are an important public health problem. Insight into differences in fall-related injury rates between countries can serve as important input for identifying and evaluating prevention strategies. The objectives of this study were to compare Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 estimates on incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to fall-related injury in older adults across 22 countries in the Western European region and to examine changes over a 28-year period.

The burden of unintentional drowning: global, regional and national estimates of mortality from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study.

Background: Drowning is a leading cause of injury-related mortality globally. Unintentional drowning (International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10 codes W65-74 and ICD9 E910) is one of the 30 mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive causes of injury-related mortality in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. This study's objective is to describe unintentional drowning using GBD estimates from 1990 to 2017.