Subjective cognition in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: Investigation of group differences and associations with objective cognition and clinical characteristics using a novel measure of subjective cognition.

Cognitive dysfunction is a well-documented feature of schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar (BD) disorder. The person's subjective experience of cognitive difficulties is less investigated. Here we investigated subjective cognition in SZ and BD compared to healthy controls (HC).

Anxiety Symptoms Predict Subsequent Depressive Symptoms in Neurodivergent Youth: A 10-Year Longitudinal Study.

Neurodivergent youth often experience anxiety and depressive symptoms that may hamper adaptive functioning and well-being. There is little knowledge of how anxiety and depression are related in neurodivergent youth. Therefore, we aimed to examine whether the relationship between anxiety and depressive symptoms is uni- or bidirectional in neurodiverse youth.

Basic self-disorders may play a role in the development of depression in schizophrenia: a seven-year follow-up study.

Introduction: Depression is the most common co-morbid psychiatric disorder in patients with schizophrenia and has a negative effect on functional outcomes and quality of life. There are several possible pathways leading to depressive symptoms in schizophrenia. Self-disorders are disturbances in the deepest, pre-reflective level of the self and are suggested to be core features of schizophrenia.

Iowa Gambling Task performance in individuals with schizophrenia: the role of general versus specific cognitive abilities.

Objective: We aimed to explore how specific cognitive processes, such as attention and executive functions, account for variance in decision-making measured by Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) performance among individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Methods: Adults ( = 65, = 25.4) with schizophrenia spectrum disorders participating in a clinical trial (registered at clinicaltrials.

Longitudinal Predictors of Adaptive Functioning in Emerging Adults with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) display heterogeneity in adaptive functioning, underscoring the need to identify predictors to inform clinical and scientific interventions. We investigated the longitudinal associations between an autism diagnosis, co-occurring psychopathology symptoms, executive functions (EF) and subsequent adaptive functioning in individuals with and without ASD (IQ > 70). Sixty-six individuals (26 with ASD, 40 without ASD) were assessed at baseline (mean age = 11.

"I have to charge my social battery": Perspectives from autistic young adults on Quality of Life.

In this study we have asked a group of autistic young adults to describe what is important for their quality of life. The 14 participants (aged 21-29 years) were recruited from a 10-year follow-up study of autistic people. During interviews, our participants described the importance of having relationships with family, friends and pets.

Effects of Goal Management Training on self-efficacy, self-esteem, and quality of life for persons with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Persons with schizophrenia often show executive dysfunction assessed with both subjective (self-report) and objective (neuropsychological tests) measures. In a recent randomized controlled trial (RCT), subjective executive functioning in everyday life was improved following Goal Management Training (GMT). The aim of the current study is to investigate the potential of GMT to improve secondary well-being outcomes from that RCT, including self-esteem, self-efficacy, and quality of life in persons with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Executive functions and ADHD symptoms predict educational functioning in children with ADHD: A two-year longitudinal study.

The aim of this two-year longitudinal study was to investigate whether deficits in executive functions (EF) predict impaired everyday functioning after two years in children and adolescents with ADHD. A sample of 135 participants with and without ADHD were assessed with neuropsychological tests of EF and parent ratings of everyday functioning with the Child Behavior Checklist at baseline (M = 11.6, SD = 2.

Executive control training for adolescents with ADHD: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental conditions diagnosed during childhood and adolescence. In addition to the commonly observed symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, individuals with ADHD often experience impairments in executive functions (EFs). Goal management training (GMT) is a cognitive remediation intervention targeting EFs, with empirical support from studies with adult populations, including ADHD.

Anomalous self-experiences and neurocognitive functioning in adolescents at risk for psychosis: Still no significant associations found between these two vulnerability markers.

Background: Anomalous self-experiences (ASEs) and neurocognitive impairments are considered essential domains of vulnerability for developing psychotic disorders. However, little research exists of possible associations between ASEs and neurocognitive functions in individuals at-risk for psychosis. The interconnections between ASEs and neurocognitive impairments should therefore be clarified as much as possible, especially in young individuals at risk.

Associations between intelligence, everyday executive functions, and symptoms of mental health problems in children and adolescents with mild intellectual disability.

Children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities have been found to have a higher prevalence of symptoms of mental health problems than the general population, but it is unclear whether these challenges are related to intelligence. The aim of this study was to explore the associations among symptoms of mental health problems, everyday executive functions and intelligence in this group. Forty children and adolescents, pre-diagnosed with mild intellectual disability, were assessed for symptoms of mental health problems, intelligence, and everyday executive functions.

Long-term course of cognitive functioning in bipolar disorder: A ten-year follow-up study.

Introduction: Cognitive impairments are common in bipolar disorder (BD), but the long-term course remains understudied. Longitudinal data on cognitive functioning from the start of the first treatment could help clarify pathophysiological processes that shape the illness outcome. We here aim to investigate the 10-year cognitive course in BD compared to healthy controls (HC) and the effects of clinical symptoms on cognitive trajectories.

Childhood Executive Function Predicts Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms in Emerging Adults With and Without Autism: A 10-Year Longitudinal Study.

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing individuals were assessed on three neuropsychological tests of executive function (EF) and on scales of autism symptoms and co-occurring internalizing and externalizing symptoms at baseline (T1;  = 88, M = 11.8 years, 73% males), 2-year (T2; 99% retention, M = 13.9 years), and 10-year follow-ups (T3; 75% retention, M = 21.

A seven-year longitudinal study of the association between neurocognitive function and basic self-disorders in schizophrenia.

Introduction: Basic self-disorders (SDs) and neurocognitive impairments are fundamental trait-like aspects of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. There has been little research on the association between SDs and neurocognitive impairments in schizophrenia, and no longitudinal studies have investigated if they are related. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between SDs and neurocognitive function in a follow-up study of patients with schizophrenia.

Neuropsychological and Symptom Predictors of Diagnostic Persistence in ADHD: A 25-Year Follow-up Study.

Background: This study extends long-term predictive research on ADHD by including both neuropsychological and symptom measures at baseline in adolescence as predictors of diagnostic persistence 25 years later.

Methods: Nineteen males with ADHD and 26 healthy controls (HC; M/F = 13/13), were assessed in adolescence and 25 years later. Measurements at baseline included a comprehensive test battery measuring eight neuropsychological domains, an IQ estimate, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and the Global Assessment Scale of Symptoms.

Predictors of Quality of Life and Functional Impairments in Emerging Adults With and Without ADHD: A 10-Year Longitudinal Study.

Objective: We tested the hypotheses that (1) a diagnosis of ADHD in childhood or adolescence is associated with reduced quality of life (QoL) and everyday functioning in emerging adulthood, and (2) executive function (EF) deficits, internalizing difficulties, and ADHD symptoms predict reduced QoL and more functional impairments.

Method: We assessed 85 children and adolescents with ADHD and 50 typically developing (TD) peers at baseline ( = 11.6 years, 58% males), 2-year follow-up, and 10-year follow-up with neuropsychological tests of EF and self-reports.

Cognitive functioning in a group of adolescents at risk for psychosis.

Cognitive deficits are a core feature of schizophrenia, and impairments are present in groups at-risk for psychosis. Most at-risk studies include young adults and not younger age-groups, such as adolescents. Participants are usually help-seeking individuals, even though risk factors may also be present in non-help seeking adolescents.

Exploring life with autism: Quality of Life, daily functioning and compensatory strategies from childhood to emerging adulthood: A qualitative study protocol.

Introduction: This study aims to investigate self-perceived quality of life, daily functioning, and the use of compensatory strategies in emerging adults with autism.

Methods And Analysis: Participants will be recruited from the Lillehammer Neurodevelopmental 10-year follow-up study (LINEUP), with the aim of 15 individual in-depth interviews. Subsequently, two focus groups with clinicians will be invited to reflect on the themes found in the individual interviews.

Moderators of metacognitive strategy training for executive functioning in early schizophrenia and psychosis risk.

Goal Management Training (GMT) improved self-reported executive functioning in a recent randomized, controlled trial in early intervention for psychosis participants. Little is known about the mechanism for this benefit, so this study investigates objectively measured executive function, the difference between subjective and objective executive function, independent living and employment status as potential moderators of efficacy of GMT. Baseline scores from 81 participants (GMT n = 39 vs Treatment-as-usual; TAU n = 42) were analyzed in a linear mixed model analysis for repeated measures as predictors of improvement on the self-reported Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult version (BRIEF-A) immediately and 30 weeks after GMT.

Subjective and objective cognitive function in adolescent with chronic fatigue following Epstein-Barr virus infection.

Objective: Cognitive difficulties are among the most disruptive and disabling problems reported by chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) sufferers. Acute Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is a trigger of chronic fatigue (CF) and CFS. The aim of this study was to investigate subjectively reported and objectively measured cognitive functioning in fatigued and non-fatigued adolescents six months after EBV infection.

Childhood executive functions and ADHD symptoms predict psychopathology symptoms in emerging adults with and without ADHD: a 10-year longitudinal study.

Deficits in executive functions (EFs) are theorized to play an important role in causing functional impairment and associated psychopathology in individuals with ADHD. The objective of this study was to examine the role of EFs and ADHD symptoms as longitudinal predictors of psychopathology symptoms in individuals with ADHD and typically developing individuals. We assessed individuals with and without ADHD (N = 135) with neuropsychological tests of EFs and scales of ADHD symptoms and psychopathology symptoms at baseline (T1; M = 11.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder persistence from childhood into young adult age: a 10-year longitudinal study.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to estimate ADHD persistence in a European clinical sample of children diagnosed with ADHD and followed prospectively for 10 years into young adulthood.

Methods: We assessed 85 children with ADHD at baseline (= 11.6, SD = 2.

A randomized controlled trial of Goal Management Training for executive functioning in schizophrenia spectrum disorders or psychosis risk syndromes.

Background: Executive functioning is essential to daily life and severely impaired in schizophrenia and psychosis risk syndromes. Goal Management Training (GMT) is a theoretically founded, empirically supported, metacognitive strategy training program designed to improve executive functioning.

Methods: A randomized controlled parallel group trial compared GMT with treatment as usual among 81 participants (GMT, n = 39 versus Wait List Controls, n = 42) recruited from an early intervention for psychosis setting.

Sex as a Moderator Between Parent Ratings of Executive Dysfunction and Social Difficulties in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Girls and boys might differ in autistic symptoms and associated cognitive difficulties such as executive function (EF). We investigated sex differences in the relationship between parent rated EF and autistic symptoms in 116 children and adolescents (25 girls) aged 5-19 years with an intelligence quotient above 70 and an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis. They were rated with the behavior rating inventory of executive function (BRIEF) and the autism diagnostic interview revised (ADI-R).