Co-treatment of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and alumina-/silica-containing waste: A critical review.

Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI-FA) is a hazardous by-product of the incineration process, characterized by elevated levels of heavy metals, chlorides, and dioxins. With a composition high in calcium but low in silicon/aluminum, MSWI-FA exhibits a poor immobilization effect, high energy demands, and limited pozzolanic activity when it is disposed of or reutilized alone. Conversely, alumina-/silica-containing waste (ASW) presents a chemical composition rich in SiO and/or AlO, offering an opportunity for synergistic treatment with MSWI-FA to facilitate its harmless disposal and resource recovery.

Brief Report: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover, Proof-of-Concept Study of Minocycline in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Neuroinflammatory mechanisms have been implicated in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Minocycline is a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor 9 (MMP9) inhibitor tetracycline antibiotic with known anti-inflammatory properties. In preclinical animal models of ASD, minocycline has demonstrated potential positive effects on phenotypes that may have relevance to ASD.

A Paradigm Shifting View of Intellectual Disability: A Near Normal Distribution of IQ in Fragile X Syndrome.

Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is an X-linked disorder leading to the loss of expression of -protein product, FMRP. The absence or deficiency of FMRP is thought to result in the characteristic FXS phenotypes, including intellectual disability. Identifying the relationship between FMRP levels and IQ may be critical to better understand underlying mechanisms and advance treatment development and planning.

Results of a phase Ib study of SB-121, an investigational probiotic formulation, a randomized controlled trial in participants with autism spectrum disorder.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by core impairments in social communication as well as restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior and/or interests. Individuals with ASD, which includes about 2% of the US population, have challenges with activities of daily living and suffer from comorbid medical and mental health concerns. There are no drugs indicated for the core impairments of ASD.

Brief Report: Telehealth Satisfaction Among Caregivers of Pediatric and Adult Psychology and Psychiatry Patients with Intellectual and Developmental Disability in the Wake of Covid-19.

Telehealth has been shown to be both acceptable and effective in many areas of healthcare, yet it was not widely adopted prior to the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. Additionally, previous evaluations of telehealth for autism spectrum condition (ASC) and intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) populations are limited in both number and scope. Here, we investigated satisfaction amongst Psychology and Psychiatry patient caregivers at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC) after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Heavy metals and metalloids concentrations across UK urban horticultural soils and the factors influencing their bioavailability to food crops.

Urban horticulture (UH) has been proposed as a solution to increase urban sustainability, but the potential risks to human health due to potentially elevated soil heavy metals and metalloids (HM) concentrations represent a major constraint for UH expansion. Here we provide the first UK-wide assessment of soil HM concentrations (total and bioavailable) in UH soils and the factors influencing their bioavailability to crops. Soils from 200 allotments across ten cities in the UK were collected and analysed for HM concentrations, black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC) concentrations, pH and texture.

Green and simple approach for low-cost bioproducts preparation and CO capture.

This study has demonstrated, for the first time, a simple, fast and flexible microwave processing method for the simultaneous preparation of bio-products (bio-oil, bio-gas and biochar) using a methodology that avoids any form of catalyst or chemical activation. The dielectric properties of biomass and physicochemical characterisation such as TGA, elemental and proximate analysis, XRD, SEM/EDX and textural properties, showed that 8 kJ g of microwave energy can produce superior biochars for applications in CO capture. The maximum CO uptake capacity for biochar produced was 2.

Shale gas reserve evaluation by laboratory pyrolysis and gas holding capacity consistent with field data.

Exploration for shale gas occurs in onshore basins, with two approaches used to predict the maximum gas in place (GIP) in the absence of production data. The first estimates adsorbed plus free gas held within pore space, and the second measures gas yields from laboratory pyrolysis experiments on core samples. Here we show the use of sequential high-pressure water pyrolysis (HPWP) to replicate petroleum generation and expulsion in uplifted onshore basins.

Evidenced-Based Interventions for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Unlabelled: This paper reviews evidenced-based interventions for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) across the disciplines of psychology, speech-language pathology, occupational therapy, and developmental pediatrics.

Background: rates of ASD diagnoses have been steadily rising over the past 2 decades. There are a wide range of therapies and interventions, of varying levels of evidence, across disciplines that are now available to treat children with ASD.

Fate of Soil Organic Carbon and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in a Vineyard Soil Treated with Biochar.

The effect of biochar addition on the levels of black carbon (BC) and polcyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a vineyard soil in central Italy was investigated within a two year period. Hydropyrolysis (HyPy) was used to determine the contents of BC (BCHyPy) in the amended and control soils, while the hydrocarbon composition of the semi-labile (non-BCHyPy) fraction released by HyPy was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, together with the solvent-extractable PAHs. The concentrations of these three polycyclic aromatic carbon reservoirs changed and impacted differently the soil organic carbon over the period of the trial.

A longitudinal analysis of parent and teacher ratings of problem behavior in boys with and without developmental delays.

This study investigated parent and teacher ratings of behavior problems in children with and without intellectual disabilities at three time points over the course of 9 years. The group of children with intellectual disabilities (IDs) had higher behavior problem ratings than the group of children with no IDs (NIDs) across the three time points. Parents and teachers generally agreed on behavior, with the exception of attention problems and externalizing problems.

Hydropyrolysis over a platinum catalyst as a preparative technique for the compound-specific carbon isotope ratio measurement of C27 steroids.

Compound-specific stable carbon isotope analysis by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS) is an important method for the determination of the (13)C/(12)C ratios of biomolecules such as steroids, for a wide range of applications. However, steroids in their natural form exhibit poor chromatographic resolution, while derivatisation adds carbon thereby corrupting the stable isotopic composition. Hydropyrolysis with a sulphided molybdenum catalyst has been shown to defunctionalise the steroids, while leaving their carbon skeleton intact, allowing for the accurate measurement of carbon isotope ratios.

Analysis of conjugated steroid androgens: deconjugation, derivatisation and associated issues.

Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is the preferred technique for the detection of urinary steroid androgens for drug testing in athletics. Excreted in either the glucuronide or sulfated conjugated form, steroids must first undergo deconjugation followed by derivatisation to render them suitable for GC analysis. Discussed herein are the deconjugation and the derivatisation preparative options.

Conjugated steroids: analytical approaches and applications.

An introduction to conjugated steroids and the justification for their analysis is provided covering both environmental and biological samples. Determining conjugated steroids or indeed any organic chemical which is conjugated upon excretion from the body has relevance in diagnostic monitoring, forensic screening and environmental analysis (from the endocrine disrupter perspective). The various analytical approaches and the accompanying issues are application-dependent.

Biomedical and forensic applications of combined catalytic hydrogenation-stable isotope ratio analysis.

Studies of biological molecules such as fatty acids and the steroid hormones have the potential to benefit enormously from stable carbon isotope ratio measurements of individual molecules. In their natural form, however, the body's molecules interact too readily with laboratory equipment designed to separate them for accurate measurements to be made. Some methods overcome this problem by adding carbon to the target molecule, but this can irreversibly overprint the carbon source 'signal'.

Hydropyrolysis of steroids: a preparative step for compound-specific carbon isotope ratio analysis.

Compound-specific stable carbon isotope analysis by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry is an important method for the detection of steroid abuse in athletes. However, steroids in their natural form exhibit poor chromatographic resolution, while derivatization adds carbon thereby corrupting the starting stable isotopic composition. Hydropyrolysis is a new approach, which defunctionalizes steroids but leaves their carbon skeleton intact.

Hydropyrolysis as a preparative method for the compound-specific carbon isotope analysis of fatty acids.

Compound-specific stable carbon isotope analysis by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry is an effective and risk-free means of investigating fatty acid metabolism. Straightforward analysis, however, leads to poor chromatographic resolution, while derivatization adds carbon thereby corrupting the starting stable isotopic composition. Hydropyrolysis is a new approach which defunctionalizes fatty acids to yield the corresponding n-alkanes thus retaining the carbon skeleton intact and improving chromatography, allowing the faithful measurement of carbon isotope ratios.