The development and testing of a module on child functioning for identifying children with disabilities on surveys. II: Question development and pretesting.

Background: This paper is part of a series of articles documenting the development of a module on child functioning by UNICEF in collaboration with the Washington Group on Disability Statistics (WG). This paper documents the contribution of Cognitive Interview (CI) question evaluation methods to the development of the final module.

Objective: The overall goal of this project was to develop a cross-nationally comparable module to measure child functioning and disability.

Assessment of immigrant certified nursing assistants' communication when responding to standardized care challenges.

Objective: Certified nursing assistants (CNAs) provide 80% of the hands-on care in US nursing homes; a significant portion of this work is performed by immigrants with limited English fluency. This study is designed to assess immigrant CNA's communication behavior in response to a series of virtual simulated care challenges.

Methods: A convenience sample of 31 immigrant CNAs verbally responded to 9 care challenges embedded in an interactive computer platform.

An assessment of HIV testing in Tanzania to inform future strategies and interventions.

This study identified characteristics of Tanzanians who have never tested for HIV in order to inform localized interventions to increase HIV testing coverage and uptake. A total of 3257 randomly selected participants aged 18-49 years were surveyed in 16 Mainland regions. Those surveyed were asked about demographics, HIV risk perception, HIV testing behavior, knowledge of both their own and partner's HIV status, and if they were tested with their partner.

Maryland dental hygienists' knowledge, opinions and practices regarding dental caries prevention and early detection.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess Maryland dental hygienists' knowledge, practices and opinions regarding dental caries prevention and early detection.

Methods: A 30 item survey was mailed to 1,258 Maryland dental hygienists. Two follow-up mailings and email reminders were sent.

Body image, eating disorders, and the relationship to adolescent media use.

Historically and currently, media messages around body shape and size emphasize the importance of being below-average weight for women and hypermuscular for men. The media messages around physical appearance are not realistic for most and lead to body dissatisfaction for most adolescents. Interventions designed to mitigate the influence of negative media messages on adolescents' body image are presented; however, most have shown limited success.