Nanoscale Ferroelectric Programming of van der Waals Heterostructures.

We demonstrate an approach to creating nanoscale potentials in van der Waals layers integrated with a buried programmable ferroelectric layer. Using ultra-low-voltage electron beam lithography (ULV-EBL), we can program the ferroelectric polarization in AlBN (AlBN) thin films, generating structures with sizes as small as 35 nm. We demonstrate the ferroelectric field effect with a graphene/vdW stack on AlBN by creating a p-n junction.

Beyond Mere Surviving: The role of host country support and gratitude in thriving during the pandemic.

While the ensuing COVID-19 pandemic has significantly altered individuals' lives worldwide, it has been perhaps especially disruptive to the lives of sojourners as many have been unable to return home and are absent from their families, a familiar culture, and normal social support systems. While it is important to ask how such individuals can successfully in such a crisis, we were interested in extending our knowledge and understanding by asking "how can such individuals move beyond mere surviving to a state of ?" In answering this question, we utilized a positive psychology framework to develop a theoretical model wherein we expected higher/lower levels of perceived social support from host country people (i.e.

Promoting proton coupled electron transfer in redox catalysts through molecular design.

Most bond-forming and -breaking redox reactions require the concomitant transfer of protons. Unassisted proton movement can result in kinetic and thermodynamic barriers that inhibit the rate of these reactions, leading to slow and/or inefficient catalysis. These barriers can be circumvented by effective proton management through molecular design.

In-hospital cardiac arrest epidemiology in a mature rapid response system.

An audit examined the epidemiology of in-hospital cardiac arrests 5 years after a rapid response system was introduced, exploring the frequency of arrests in monitored and unmonitored areas. Details of the initial cardiac rhythm and what proportion of events were preceded by a medical emergency team call were also assessed.

Angle-resolved coherent wave mixing using a 4 fs ultra-broad bandwidth laser.

We demonstrate angle-resolved coherent (ARC) wave mixing using 4 fs light pulses derived from a laser source that spans 550-1000 nm. We believe this to be the shortest pulse duration used to date in coherent multi-dimensional spectroscopy. The marriage of this ultra-broad band, few-cycle coherent source with the ARC technique will permit new investigations of the interplay between energy transfers and quantum superposition states spanning 8200  cm.

Nonnative SOD1 trimer is toxic to motor neurons in a model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Since the linking of mutations in the Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase gene (sod1) to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in 1993, researchers have sought the connection between SOD1 and motor neuron death. Disease-linked mutations tend to destabilize the native dimeric structure of SOD1, and plaques containing misfolded and aggregated SOD1 have been found in the motor neurons of patients with ALS. Despite advances in understanding of ALS disease progression and SOD1 folding and stability, cytotoxic species and mechanisms remain unknown, greatly impeding the search for and design of therapeutic interventions.

The epidemiology of respiratory arrests in a teaching hospital.

Aims: We aimed to characterise antecedent causes and outcomes of respiratory arrests occurring within a metropolitan tertiary teaching hospital in Melbourne, Australia.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective audit of respiratory arrests within our hospital over a 6-year period. Data were collected regarding patient characteristics, preceding clinical state, presumed causes and outcomes of arrests.

Antecedents to cardiac arrests in a hospital equipped with a medical emergency team.

Background: Studies conducted before the conception of medical emergency teams (METs) revealed that cardiac arrests were often preceded by deranged vital signs. METs have been implemented in hospitals to review ward patients whose conditions are deteriorating in order to prevent adverse events, including cardiac arrest. Antecedents to cardiac arrests in a MET-equipped hospital have not been assessed.

The epidemiology and outcome of medical emergency team call patients treated with non-invasive ventilation.

Introduction: Use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is normally limited to the Emergency Department, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Coronary Care Unit (CCU) or High Dependency Unit (HDU). However, NIV is sometimes used by the Medical Emergency Team (MET) as respiratory support for ward patients.

Objectives: We reviewed the characteristics and outcome of ward patients treated with NIV in the setting of a MET Call and determined the clinical and prognostic significance of such treatment.

Features and outcome of patients receiving multiple Medical Emergency Team reviews.

Background And Objectives: There is no information on the clinical features and outcome of patients receiving multiple Medical Emergency Team (MET) reviews. Accordingly, we studied the characteristics and outcome of patients receiving one MET call and compared them with those receiving multiple MET reviews.

Design: Retrospective observational study using prospectively collected data.

Instantaneous mapping of coherently coupled electronic transitions and energy transfers in a photosynthetic complex using angle-resolved coherent optical wave-mixing.

Understanding the role of coherent electronic motion is expected to resolve general questions of importance in macromolecular energy transfer. We demonstrate a novel nonlinear optical method, angle-resolved coherent wave mixing, that separates out coherently coupled electronic transitions and energy transfers in an instantaneous two-dimensional mapping. Angular resolution of the signal is achieved by using millimeter laser beam waists at the sample and by signal relay to the far field; for this we use a high energy, ultrabroadband hollow fiber laser source.

The medical emergency team and end-of-life care: a pilot study.

Objectives: To assess the characteristics of patients who died in a teaching hospital and the role of the medical emergency team (MET) in their end-of-life care.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 105 deaths over the month of May 2005 by a blinded investigator, who documented patient age, parent hospital unit, comorbidities, presence and timing of not-for-resuscitation (NFR) designation, and presence and timing of first MET review. We analysed differences between medical versus surgical patients, NFR versus non-NFR patients, and MET-reviewed versus non-MET-reviewed patients.

Comparison of basis set effects and the performance of ab initio and DFT methods for probing equilibrium fluctuations.

The electronic absorption and emission spectra of large molecules reflect the extent and timescale of electron-vibration coupling and therefore the extent and timescale of relaxation/reorganization in response to a perturbation. In this paper, we present a comparison of the calculated absorption and emission spectra of NADH in liver alcohol dehydrogenase (LADH), using quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical methods, in which we vary the QM component. Specifically, we have looked at the influence of basis set (STO-3G, 3-21G*, 6-31G*, CC-pVDZ, and 6-311G**), as well as the influence of applying the DFT TD-B3LYP and ab initio TD-HF and CIS methods to the calculation of absorption/emission spectra and the reorganization energy (Stokes shift).

Nurses' attitudes to a medical emergency team service in a teaching hospital.

Background: Cultural barriers including allegiance to traditional models of ward care and fear of criticism may restrict use of a medical emergency team (MET) service, particularly by nursing staff. A 1-year preparation and education programme was undertaken before implementing the MET at the Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia. During the 4 years after introduction of the MET, the programme has continued to inform staff of the benefits of the MET and to overcome barriers restricting its use.

Effect of adiabaticity on electron dynamics in zinc myoglobin.

Electron-vibration coupling in zinc substituted myoglobin has been calculated using a quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical method. The methodology has been tested by a direct comparison of the calculated optical observables, the steady-state optical spectra and three-pulse-photon-echo-peak-shift (3PEPS) function, to those experimentally measured showing a qualitative agreement. A range of experiments and calculations were performed to explain the discrepancies, which lead to the conclusion that the discrepancy originates from adiabatic coupling of the two nearly degenerate electronic transitions.

Indoor gardening older adults: effects on socialization, activities of daily living, and loneliness.

This study examined the effects of indoor gardening on socialization, activities of daily living (ADLs), and perceptions of loneliness in elderly nursing home residents. A total of 66 residents from two nursing homes participated in this two-phase study. In phase one, experimental group 1 participated once a week for 5 weeks in gardening activities while a control group received a 20-minute visit.

Survival of mammalian cells exposed to ultrahigh dose rates from a laser-produced plasma x-ray source.

Purpose: To determine whether intense laser-produced x rays have an increased radiation hazard.

Materials And Methods: Mammalian cells were exposed to x rays from a laser-produced plasma that produced ultrahigh peak absorbed dose rates, up to a factor of 10(10) higher than those produced by conventional x rays used in imaging. The cell survival was studied as a function of the absorbed dose.