Sex-specific ultrasound imaging biomarkers of neurodegeneration in a mouse model.

Introduction: Early detection of neurodegeneration is essential for optimizing interventions. The highly reproducible progression of neurodegeneration in the decrepit () mouse allows investigation of early biomarkers and mechanisms of brain injury.

Methods: Using high-frequency ultrasound, the common carotid arteries of female and male and control mice were imaged longitudinally at time points bracketing the disease progression (50, 75, and 125 days of age) ( = 6 mice/group/sex).

Differential impact of perfluorooctanoic acid and fluorotelomer ethoxylates on placental metabolism in mice.

Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of compounds with uses in industry and many consumer products. Concerns about the potential health effects of these compounds resulted in regulation by the Stockholm Convention on the use of three of the most common PFAS, including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Thousands of PFAS remain in production that are unregulated and for which their toxicity is unknown.

Alternative community-led intervention to improve uptake of cataract surgery services in rural Tanzania-The Dodoma Community Cataract Acceptance Trial (DoCCAT): a protocol for intervention co-designing and implementation in a cluster-randomized controlled trial.

Age-related lens opacification (cataract) remains the leading cause of visual impairment and blindness worldwide. In low- and middle-income countries, utilization of cataract surgical services is often limited despite community-based outreach programmes. Community-led research, whereby researchers and community members collaboratively co-design intervention is an approach that ensures the interventions are locally relevant and that their implementation is feasible and socially accepted in the targeted contexts.

What is the Long-term Wear of a 5-Mrad Highly Crosslinked Polyethylene Liner? A 14-year RSA Study.

Background: Lower doses of irradiation (≤ 5 Mrad) during the manufacture of highly crosslinked polyethylene acetabular liners may result in less crosslinking and an increased wear rate. Radiostereometric analysis (RSA) studies have found that wear of more highly irradiated highly crosslinked polyethylene liners (7 to 10 Mrad) decreases at longer-term follow-up compared with earlier reports of the same cohorts. Although wear of 5-Mrad irradiated liners appears to increase at midterm follow-up, it is unclear whether that remains true at longer follow-up.

Identifying placental metabolic biomarkers of preterm birth using nuclear magnetic resonance of intact tissue samples.

Introduction: Our understanding of the etiology of preterm birth (PTB) is incomplete; however, recent evidence has found a strong association between placental dysfunction and PTB. Altered placental metabolism may precede placental dysfunction and therefore the study of placental metabolic profiles could identify early biomarkers of PTB. In this study, we evaluated the placental metabolome in PTB in intact tissue samples using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and spectral editing.

Polystyrene micro- and nanoplastics cause placental dysfunction in mice†.

Maternal exposure to microplastics and nanoplastics has been shown to result in fetal growth restriction in mice. In this study, we investigated the placental and fetal hemodynamic responses to plastics exposure in mice using high-frequency ultrasound. Healthy, pregnant CD-1 dams were given either 106 ng/L of 5 μm polystyrene microplastics or 106 ng/L of 50 nm polystyrene nanoplastics in drinking water throughout gestation and were compared with controls.

Association Between Sociodemographic Factors and Vision Difficulty in the National Health Interview Survey: A Population-Based Analysis.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between social determinants of health with self-reported vision difficulty.

Design: Cross-sectional, population-based analysis.

Methods: The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is an annual survey based on the U.

Biodistribution of Lipid 5, mRNA, and Its Translated Protein Following Intravenous Administration of mRNA-Encapsulated Lipid Nanoparticles in Rats.

RNA-based therapeutics and vaccines represent a novel and expanding class of medicines, the success of which depends on the encapsulation and protection of mRNA molecules in lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-based carriers. With the development of mRNA-LNP modalities, which can incorporate xenobiotic constituents, extensive biodistribution analyses are necessary to better understand the factors that influence their in vivo exposure profiles. This study investigated the biodistribution of heptadecan-9-yl 8-((2-hydroxyethyl)(8-(nonyloxy)-8-oxooctyl)amino)octanoate (Lipid 5)-a xenobiotic amino lipid-and its metabolites in male and female pigmented (Long-Evans) and nonpigmented (Sprague Dawley) rats by using quantitative whole-body autoradiography (QWBA) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) techniques.

Structural brain abnormalities in endothelial nitric oxide synthase-deficient mice revealed by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging.

Introduction: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) produces nitric oxide, which is essential for a variety of physiological functions in the brain. Previous work has demonstrated the detrimental effects of eNOS deficiency on brain function in male eNOS knockout (eNOS KO) mice. However, the effect of eNOS deficiency on brain structure and any association between these effects and sex is unknown.

Endothelial nitric oxide deficiency results in abnormal placental metabolism.

Placental metabolism determines the amount of nutrients available to the fetus and may be altered in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction (FGR). To study which metabolites are associated with FGR, we performed H high-resolution magic angle spinning magnetic resonance spectroscopy of placental tissue from endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout (eNOS KO) mice, a model of FGR, and C57BL/6J controls at embryonic day 17.5 (n = 24/genotype).

Outreach screening to address demographic and economic barriers to diabetic retinopathy care in rural China.

Importance: Poor access to existing care for diabetic retinopathy (DR) limits effectiveness of proven treatments.

Objectives: We examined whether outreach screening in rural China improves equity of access.

Design, Setting And Participants: We compared prevalence of female sex, age > = 65 years, primary education or below, and requiring referral care for DR between three cohorts with diabetes examined for DR in neighboring areas of Guangdong, China: passive case detection at secondary-level hospitals (n = 193); persons screened during primary-level DR outreach (n = 182); and individuals with newly- or previously-diagnosed diabetes in a population survey (n = 579).

Comparative Evaluation of Pitfall Traps for Click Beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae).

We evaluated the relative efficacy of six pheromone-baited traps used in trapping Agriotes obscurus (L.) click beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae): original Yatlor Traps, Yatlor Funnel Traps, Vernon Beetle Traps, Unitraps, Baited Pitfall Traps, and Vernon Pitfall Traps. Traps were rated according to quantitative and qualitative criteria of importance for each of four trap uses: general surveys, scientific studies, IPM monitoring, and mass trapping.

Placental metabolite profiles in late gestation for healthy mice.

Introduction: During pregnancy, appropriate placental metabolism is essential for fetuses to reach their growth potential. However, metabolic mechanisms during pregnancy remain poorly understood. Determination of the levels of placental metabolites in healthy pregnancy and how they change throughout gestation is critical for understanding placental function.

Exploring Ophthalmologists' Adoption of Telemedicine during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed Methods Study.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic promoted hitherto unseen uptake of telemedicine by ophthalmologists. We performed a mixed methods study to explore patters of utilization during the pandemic and perceived future utility.

Methods: Ophthalmologists practicing in Canada between March and July 2020 were invited to complete an online questionnaire assessing demographics, clinical practice characteristics and telemedicine utilization prior to and during the pandemic.

Doppler Ultrasound of the Fetal Descending Aorta: An Objective Tool to Assess Placental Blood Flow Resistance in Pregnancies With Discordant Umbilical Arteries.

Objectives: To determine the relationship between blood flow in the fetal descending aorta and discordant umbilical arteries (UAs).

Methods: Pulsed wave Doppler of both UAs and the descending aorta was performed at 4-weekly intervals between 14 and 40 weeks of gestation in 209 pregnant women. In datasets with discordant UAs, a linear mixed effects model was used to determine the categorical relationship between the UA pulsatility index (PI) (high, low and average) and the descending aorta PI.

DELAYED-ONSET STREPTOCOCCUS INTERMEDIUS ENDOPHTHALMITIS FOLLOWING ANTI-VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR INTRAVITREAL INJECTION.

Purpose: Endophthalmitis following intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections is frequently caused by Streptococcus viridans organisms and tends to be aggressive. Herein, we present a case of postinjection Streptococcus viridans endophthalmitis presenting in an atypically delayed fashion with good visual outcome.

Methods: Single clinical case report.

Mitochondrial-specific autophagy linked to mitochondrial dysfunction following traumatic freeze injury in mice.

The objective of this study was to interrogate the link between mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial-specific autophagy in skeletal muscle. C57BL/6J mice were used to establish a time course of mitochondrial function and autophagy induction after fatigue ( = 12), eccentric contraction-induced injury ( = 20), or traumatic freeze injury (FI, = 28); only FI resulted in a combination of mitochondrial dysfunction, i.e.

Long-term migration characteristics of the Corail hydroxyapatite-coated femoral stem: a 14-year radiostereometric analysis follow-up study.

Background: The magnitude and pattern of acceptable long-term migration of cementless femoral stems are not well understood. The Corail hydroxyapatite-coated cementless stem is a clinically successful and commonly used femoral stem with a long-term migration pattern not previously described in the literature. The aim of this study was to assess the long-term migration of the Corail hydroxyapatite-coated cementless stem using radiostereometric analysis (RSA) at 14-year follow-up, thereby establishing a benchmark acceptable long-term migration pattern for hydroxyapatite-coated cementless prostheses.

Interventions to improve gender equity in eye care in low-middle income countries: A systematic review.

Purpose: Women bear an inequitable burden of blinding conditions compared to men primarily because they have more limited access to eye care services. This systematic review sought evidence regarding interventions to increase gender equity in eye care.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, and EBSCO CINAHL, and contacted experts to identify studies in low- and middle-income countries of health services interventions for age-related cataract, childhood cataract, and trachoma.

Evaluation of the Multi-Attribute Prioritisation Tool for Total Joint Replacement.

Rationale Aims And Objectives: The demand for arthroplasty is increasing and will continue to rise with an ageing population. Obesity and lengthy waiting time for Total Joint Replacement (TJR) have been associated with poorer outcomes postoperatively. This study aimed to evaluate the Multi-Attribute Prioritisation Tool (MAPT) for TJR patients.