Clinical decision making and risk appraisal using electronic risk assessment tools (eRATs) for cancer diagnosis: A qualitative study of GP experiences.

Background: Electronic Risk Assessment Tools (eRATs) are intended to improve early primary care cancer diagnosis. eRATs which interrupt a consultation to suggest a possibility of a cancer diagnosis, could impact clinical appraisal and the experience of the consultation. This study explores this issue using data collected within the context of the ERICA trial.

Community-based reconstruction and simulation of a full-scale model of the rat hippocampus CA1 region.

The CA1 region of the hippocampus is one of the most studied regions of the rodent brain, thought to play an important role in cognitive functions such as memory and spatial navigation. Despite a wealth of experimental data on its structure and function, it has been challenging to integrate information obtained from diverse experimental approaches. To address this challenge, we present a community-based, full-scale in silico model of the rat CA1 that integrates a broad range of experimental data, from synapse to network, including the reconstruction of its principal afferents, the Schaffer collaterals, and a model of the effects that acetylcholine has on the system.

Yap Is a Nutrient Sensor Sensitive to the Amino Acid L-Isoleucine and Regulates the Expression of Ctgf in Cardiomyocytes.

Myocardial infarction and reperfusion constitute a complex injury consisting of many distinct molecular stress patterns that influence cardiomyocyte survival and adaptation. Cell signalling, which is essential to cardiac development, also presents potential disease-modifying opportunities to recover and limit myocardial injury or maladaptive remodelling. Here, we hypothesized that Yap signalling could be sensitive to one or more molecular stress patterns associated with early acute ischemia.

A novel AAV9-dual microRNA-vector targeting in the hippocampus as a treatment for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) is the most prevalent type of epilepsy in adults. First and subsequent generations of anti-epileptic therapy regimens fail to decrease seizures in a large number of patients suffering from mTLE, leaving surgical ablation of part of the hippocampus as the only therapeutic option to potentially reach seizure freedom. GluK2 has recently been identified as a promising target for the treatment of mTLE using gene therapy.

Parent attitudes towards predictive testing for autism in the first year of life.

Background: Emerging biomarker technologies (e.g., MRI, EEG, digital phenotyping, eye-tracking) have potential to move the identification of autism into the first year of life.

Long-term outcomes of patients with IgA nephropathy in the German CKD cohort.

Background: The importance of albuminuria as opposed to proteinuria in predicting kidney outcomes in primary immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is not well established.

Methods: From 2010 to 2012, 421 patients with biopsy-proven IgAN have been enrolled into the German Chronic Kidney Disease (GCKD) cohort, a prospective observational cohort study ( = 5217). Adjudicated endpoints include a composite kidney endpoint (CKE) consisting of eGFR decline >40%, eGFR <15 ml/min/1.

Communicating With Spanish-Speaking Families of Hospitalized Children With Medical Complexity.

Background And Objectives: Hospitalized families who use languages other than English (LOE) for care encounter unique communication challenges, as do children with medical complexity (CMC). We sought to better understand communication challenges and opportunities to improve care of families who use LOE from the perspectives of hospital staff and Spanish-speaking parents of CMC.

Methods: This qualitative project involved secondary analysis of transcripts from a study on family safety reporting at 2 quaternary care children's hospitals and additional primary data collection (interviews) of staff and parents.

Osteochondral fluid transport in an ex vivo system.

Objective: Alterations to bone-to-cartilage fluid transport may contribute to the development of osteoarthritis (OA). Larger biological molecules in bone may transport from bone-to-cartilage (e.g.

Motivations for and against Participation in Neonatal Research: Insights from Interviews of Diverse Parents Approached for Neonatal Research in the United States.

Objective: To describe parents' motivations for and against participation in neonatal research, including the views of those who declined participation.

Study Design: We performed 44 semi-structured, qualitative interviews of parents approached for neonatal research. Here we describe their motivations for and against participation.

Spatial patterns of sediment contamination and their influence on benthic infaunal communities in a highly tidal and industrial estuary in Atlantic Canada.

Sediment contamination can be elevated in ports, harbours, and estuaries with legacies of exploitation, negatively impacting infaunal invertebrate communities. Saint John Harbour (45.25° N, 66.

Family Responses to Different Types of Clinician Empathy Expression in Pediatric Care Conferences.

Clinician empathy positively impacts patient outcomes. Few studies have assessed the effects of different types of empathic expression. To describe how families respond when clinicians express empathy in different ways.

Experiences and preferences for learning about neonatal research: insights from parent interviews.

Introduction: Parents struggle with being asked to participate in neonatal research. Past work has largely failed to include views of minoritized parents, low-socioeconomic status parents, and those who declined research. We aimed to describe parents' preferences related to learning about eligibility for neonatal research.

Perceptions of weather-based pain forecasts and their effect on daily activities.

As studies begin to have more success uncovering the relationships between atmospheric conditions and pain, weather-based pain forecasting becomes more of a reality. In this study, a survey was used to determine if people living with migraines and/or other pain-related conditions are receptive to weather-based pain forecasts. Moreover, we wished to identify whether these forecasts actually impact the decision-making of those who use them.

Parent Perspectives on the Child Experience of Pediatric Home Ventilation via Tracheostomy.

Background And Objective: Parents facing the decision of whether to initiate pediatric mechanical ventilation via tracheostomy ("home ventilation") report wanting information about what to expect for life at home for their child. The study objective is to explore parent descriptions of the child experience of home ventilation to increase awareness for clinicians in the inpatient setting caring for these children.

Methods: Semistructured interviews were conducted using purposive sampling of parents with children who initiated home ventilation within the previous 5 years from 3 geographically diverse academic medical centers.

The parapoxvirus Orf virus inhibits dsDNA-mediated type I IFN expression via STING-dependent and STING-independent signalling pathways.

Type I interferons (IFNs) are critical in the host defence against viruses. They induce hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) many of which have an antiviral role. Poxviruses induce IFNs via their pathogen-associated molecular patterns, in particular, their genomic DNA.

Characterization and biodistribution of under-employed gene therapy vector AAV7.

The use of adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) as gene delivery vectors has vast potential for the treatment of many severe human diseases. Over one hundred naturally existing AAV capsid variants have been described and classified into phylogenetic clades based on their sequences. AAV8, AAV9, AAVrh.

Interpersonal Influences on the Choice to Treat Nausea during Pregnancy with Medication or Cannabis.

Objective: This study aimed to better understand the interpersonal influences on a pregnant individual's decision of how to treat nausea and vomiting during pregnancy using a qualitative approach.

Study Design: A semistructured interview guide was developed to assess pregnancy symptoms, decision-making regarding treating nausea, and interpersonal influences on treatment decisions. Interviews were conducted with 17 individuals enrolled in a neuroimaging and behavioral study of prenatal exposure to cannabis who used medication and/or cannabis to treat symptoms associated with pregnancy.

Reduced Postdischarge Incidents After Implementation of a Hospital-to-Home Transition Intervention for Children With Medical Complexity.

Objectives: Prior research suggests that errors occur frequently for patients with medical complexity during the hospital-to-home transition. Less is known about effective postdischarge communication strategies for this population. We aimed to assess rates of 30-day (1) postdischarge incidents and (2) readmissions and emergency department (ED) visits before and after implementing a hospital-to-home intervention.