Living-donor transplantation after excision of unrecognized renal cancer diagnosed after transplant.

Background: Published data on kidneys transplanted after resecting small renal cancers during the transplantation surgery are very rare and, to the best of our knowledge, no pediatric cases have been reported in the literature.

Case-diagnosis/treatment: Our patient was diagnosed with a bilateral Wilms tumor when he was 15 months old. A total bilateral nephrectomy was required to control the disease.

[Children as receptors of living donors].

The most important factor in life expectancy for children on renal replacement therapy (RRT) is to have a functioning graft when they reach adulthood (63 years  on transplantation vs 37 years on dialysis). The pediatric recipient is very suitable for a living donor transplantation (LDT), with few contraindications. There are several reasons that make LDT the most recommended RRT in children: pre-emptive transplant avoiding dialysis, good renal mass, minimal cold ischemia time, better HLA-matching and the possibility to program the time of surgery.

Acute renal failure due to bilateral pieloureteral stone impaction in a 10-month-old boy.

Urolithiasis (UL) can present with its classic signs and symptoms, such as flank or abdominal pain and gross hematuria. However, atypical complaints can be more common in younger children. We report here a case of bilateral ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) stones in a 10-month-old boy who only showed nonspecific symptoms at the time of presentation.

Long-term outcome of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis after pediatric renal transplantation.

Recurrence of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) after renal transplantation can limit graft survival. Despite new immunosuppressive agents, the incidence of recurrence remains relatively high. To identify risk factors for recurrence and efficacy of treatment, we reviewed the outcome of 23 grafts in 16 children with FSGS who had undergone transplantation between 1985 and 2007 at La Paz Children's Hospital.

Anti-GBM and anti-MPO antibodies coexist in a case of pulmonary renal syndrome.

The case of a 12-year-old boy with pulmonary renal syndrome is described. Antimyeloperoxidase (anti-MPO) and antiglomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) antibodies were positive. The clinical course and immunosuppressive therapy are discussed.

Antierythropoietin antibody-induced pure red cell aplasia: posttransplant evolution.

Pure red cell aplasia is a rare complication of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) treatment, which physicians should consider once the more frequent causes of hyporegenerative anemia have been excluded. To our knowledge, no pediatric cases have been described. In our patient, cyclosporin A treatment enabled a reduction in the number of transfusions and the risk of hyperimmunization.