[Penile metastasis from urothelial carcinoma: Review of literature.].

Objective: Penile metastasis is a very rare clinical entity. The primary origin is usually genitourinar y followed by the gastrointestinal. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Review of the available literature on a case of penile metastasis of urothelial bladder carcinoma.

[Effect of surgical approach on radical nephrectomy outcomes: Comparative study between open and laparoscopic nephrectomy.].

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of laparoscopy in patients with renal cancer treated with radical nephrectomy in terms of surgical time, hospital stay, postoperative complications and survival.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 570 patients with renal cancer treated with radical nephrectomyin stage ≤pT3a. Differences between groups were analysed using ANOVA test for quantitative variables and Chi squared test for qualitative.

[Laparoscopic treatment of retroperitoneal fibrosis.].

Retroperitoneal fibrosis is a disease that may condition a severe involvement of various organs, mainly upper urinary tract, even causing renal insufficiency. It was first described by Albarran in 1905 and it is also known as Ormonds disease. The correct diagnosis includes, in many cases, the performance of one or more tests: CT scan, MRI, renal scan, etc.

Prognostic factors in patients with stage pT0/pT1/pTa in the radical cystectomy specimen.

Objectives: To identify risk factors for progression in patients with invasive bladder carcinoma who were pT0/pT1/pTa after cystectomy.

Methods: We analyzed the clinical records of 97 post-cystectomy pT0/pT1/pTa patients for the following variables: hydronephrosis, carcinoma in situ (CIS), lymphovascular invasion, history of non-muscular invasive disease, residual tumor in the specimen and lymphatic invasion (pN). pN+patients were excluded from definitive analysis.

[Management of prostate cancer biochemical recurrence in the clinical guidelines].

Objective: Review of the Guidelines which have major impact on the urological field, in order to compare and to know their recommendations in the diagnosis and management of biochemical relapse after a healing treatment of prostate cancer (radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy).

Methods: We review the Guidelines of the European Urological Association (EAU), the American Urological Association (AUA), of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and those of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), as well as the scientific evidence on which they are based.

Results: In this paper we state the complexity of the subject being dealt with and coincidences and differences among them.

Primary renal Ewing's sarcoma.

Objective: To report two new cases of Ewing's sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the kidney, one of them with tumor thrombus in cava.

Method: Characterization of two new cases and literature review by PubMed search.

Results: We report the cases of two men diagnosed with primary renal Ewing's sarcoma, who have been treated with nephrectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy, being in complete remission to date.

Cadaver donor kidney retransplantation in the pediatric patient: complications and long-term outcome.

Purpose: We compared the outcome of second and third kidney allografts with that of the first kidney allograft in pediatric recipients.

Materials And Methods: We classified 173 cadaveric kidney recipients into 2 groups. Group 1 comprised 120 first transplants and group 2 comprised 53 retransplants, including 43 second and 10 third transplants.

[Unusual complications after radical cystectomy].

Objectives: To report complications that are very rare in patients undergoing radical cystectomy and Bricker's ileal conduit. In accordance to the literature and our own experience, to remark the importance of a proper preoperative preparation (nutritional, preanesthetic evaluation..

[Relation of age and prostatic volume to cancer detection in prostatic biopsies from patients with non-suspect rectal palpation].

Objectives: To evaluate which clinical variables are predictive for prostate cancer and possible relationships among them, in patients with elevated PSA and non suspicious digital rectal examination (DRE) undergoing first prostate biopsy.

Methods: 1618 patients with elevated PSA and non suspicious DRE who underwent sextant peripheral prostate biopsy were selected from our database. PSA, age, prostate volume, and detectable nodule by ultrasound were selected as variables related to cancer detection in first and second biopsies.

[Female stress urinary incontinence. Surgical repair with pubovaginal sling techniques].

Objectives: To review the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence by new systems of tension-free urethral sling TVT type (Tension free vaginal tape) or IVS (intravaginal slingplasty), and the bone anchoring trasvaginal sling procedure Infast.

Methods: We describe the surgical techniques of the various procedures and perform a bibliographic review on the topic.

Results/conclusions: The pubovaginal sling has become the gold standard in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence, mainly if there is sphincter intrinsic dysfunction.