Exploring Next Generation Probiotics for Metabolic and Microbiota Dysbiosis Linked to Xenobiotic Exposure: Holistic Approach.

Variation of gut microbiota in metabolic diseases seems to be related to dysbiosis induced by exposure to multiple substances called Microbiota Disrupting Chemicals (MDCs), which are present as environmental and dietary contaminants. Some recent studies have focused on elucidating the alterations of gut microbiota taxa and their metabolites as a consequence of xenobiotic exposures to find possible key targets involved in the severity of the host disease triggered. Compilation of data supporting the triad of xenobiotic-microbiota-metabolic diseases would subsequently allow such health misbalances to be prevented or treated by identifying beneficial microbe taxa that could be Next Generation Probiotics (NGPs) with metabolic enzymes for MDC neutralisation and mitigation strategies.

Unraveling the enzymatic and antibacterial potential of rare halophilic actinomycetes from Algerian hypersaline wetland ecosystems.

The study aimed to isolate rare halophilic actinomycetes from hypersaline soils of Algerian inland Wetland Ecosystems "Sebkhas-Chotts" located in arid and hot hyperarid lands with international importance under the Ramsar Convention and to explore their enzyme-producing and antibacterial abilities. The halophilic actinomycetes were selectively isolated using agar-rich media supplemented with 5, 10, and 15% (W/V) of total salts. Thirty-one isolates were obtained and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis revealed the presence of members affiliated to rare halophilic actinobacterial genera (Actinopolyspora and Nocardiopsis) accounting for 74.

Incorporating the Gut Microbiome in the Risk Assessment of Xenobiotics and Identifying Beneficial Components for One Health.

Three areas of relevance to the gut microbiome in the context of One Health were explored; the incorporation of the microbiome in food safety risk assessment of xenobiotics; the identification and application of beneficial microbial components to various areas under One Health, and; specifically, in the context of antimicrobial resistance. Although challenging, focusing on the microbiota resilience, function and active components is critical for advancing the incorporation of microbiome data in the risk assessment of xenobiotics. Moreover, the human microbiota may be a promising source of beneficial components, with the potential to metabolize xenobiotics.

Impact of Cumulative Environmental and Dietary Xenobiotics on Human Microbiota: Risk Assessment for One Health.

Chemical risk assessment in the context of the risk analysis framework was initially designed to evaluate the impact of hazardous substances or xenobiotics on human health. As the need of multiple stressors assessment was revealed to be more reliable regarding the occurrence and severity of the adverse effects in the exposed organisms, the cumulative risk assessment started to be the recommended approach. As toxicant mixtures and their "cocktail effects" are considered to be main hazards, the most important exposure for these xenobiotics would be of dietary and environmental origin.

Next Generation Probiotics for Neutralizing Obesogenic Effects: Taxa Culturing Searching Strategies.

The combination of diet, lifestyle, and the exposure to food obesogens categorized into "microbiota disrupting chemicals" (MDC) could determine obesogenic-related dysbiosis and modify the microbiota diversity that impacts on individual health-disease balances, inducing altered pathogenesis phenotypes. Specific, complementary, and combined treatments are needed to face these altered microbial patterns and the specific misbalances triggered. In this sense, searching for next-generation beneficial microbes or next-generation probiotics (NGP) by microbiota culturing, and focusing on their demonstrated, extensive scope and well-defined functions could contribute to counteracting and repairing the effects of obesogens.

Probiotic Strains and Intervention Total Doses for Modulating Obesity-Related Microbiota Dysbiosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Obesity is a growing health threat worldwide. Administration of probiotics in obesity has also parallelly increased but without any protocolization. We conducted a systematic review exploring the administration pattern of probiotic strains and effective doses for obesity-related disorders according to their capacity of positively modulating key biomarkers and microbiota dysbiosis.

Culturable halophilic bacteria inhabiting Algerian saline ecosystems: A source of promising features and potentialities.

This paper aims to characterize halophilic bacteria inhabiting Algerian Saline Ecosystems (Sebkha and Chott) located in arid and semi-arid ecoclimate zones (Northeastern Algeria). In addition, screening of enzymatic activities, heavy metal tolerance and antagonistic potential against phytopathogenic fungi were tested. A total of 74 bacterial isolates were screened and phylogenetically characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Diversity and bioprospecting of extremely halophilic archaea isolated from Algerian arid and semi-arid wetland ecosystems for halophilic-active hydrolytic enzymes.

The diversity of haloarchaea associated with different dry salt lakes in northeastern Algeria was investigated together with their potential of hydrolytic enzyme production. A total of 68 aerobic halophilic archaea were isolated from saline sediments. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the isolates were assigned to seven phylotypes within the class Halobacteria, namely Haloarcula, Halococcus, Haloferax, Halogeometricum, Haloterrigena, Natrialba, and Natrinema.

Halobellus ramosii sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon isolated from a saline-wetland wildfowl reserve.

An extremely halophilic archaeon, strain S2FP14T, was isolated from a brine sample from the inland hypersaline lake Fuente de Piedra, a saline-wetland wildfowl reserve located in the province of Málaga in southern Spain. Colonies were red-pigmented and the cells were Gram-staining-negative, motile and pleomorphic. S2FP14T was able to grow in media containing 12.

Deciphering archaeal glycolipids of an extremely halophilic archaeon of the genus Halobellus by MALDI-TOF/MS.

Polar membrane lipids of an archaeal microorganism recently isolated from the natural salt lake Fuente de Piedra (Málaga, Spain) have been studied by means of TLC in combination with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The major phospholipids are the ether lipids phosphatidylglycerophosphate methyl ester and phosphatidylglycerosulfate, while phosphatidylglycerol is barely detectable; in addition the bisphosphatidylglycerol (archaeal cardiolipin) has been detected for the first time in a representative of the genus Halobellus. The structures of glycolipids, including a glycosyl-cardiolipin, have been elucidated by post source decay (PSD) mass spectrometry analysis.

Alkalibacillus almallahensis sp. nov., a halophilic bacterium isolated from an inland solar saltern.

A halophilic, Gram-staining-positive, non-motile, endospore forming rod-shaped bacterial strain, S1LM8(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from an inland solar saltern located in La Malahá, Granada (Spain). Growth was observed in media containing 7.5-30% total salts (optimum 15% total salts), at pH 7-10 (optimum pH 8) and at 15-50 °C (optimum 35-38 °C).

Stability of lactobacilli encapsulated in various microbial polymers.

Various microbial polymers, namely xanthan gum, gellan gum, pullulan gum and jamilan, were tested as a suitable encapsulating material for Lactobacillus plantarum CRL 1815 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103. Resulting capsules were also studied for their pH and simulated gastrointestinal conditions tolerance. The morphology of the microcapsules was studied using scanning electron microscopy.

Delivery systems for natural antioxidant compounds: Archaeosomes and archaeosomal hydrogels characterization and release study.

The aim of this study was to use archaeosomes, a novel kind of liposomes made up by archaeal polar lipids, both multilamellars (MLVs) and unilamellars (SUVs), as a topical delivery system for natural antioxidant compounds recovered from olive mill waste. For comparative purpose an analogue formulation of phosphatidylcholine liposomes was prepared. SUVs were smaller than MLVs ones, showing size values smaller than 200nm, which was maintained during the stability study.

Marinobacter oulmenensis sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from brine of a salt concentrator.

A Gram-negative, aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated Set74(T), was isolated from brine of a salt concentrator at Ain Oulmene, Algeria. The strain grew optimally at 37-40 °C, at pH 6.5-7.

Archaeosomes as carriers for topical delivery of betamethasone dipropionate: in vitro skin permeation study.

A comparative study between archaeosomes, lipid lamellar vesicles made from archaea polar lipids, and conventional phospholipids liposomes was carried out, aiming at evaluating the properties and the potential of archaeosomes as novel colloidal carriers for effective drug delivery to the skin. Betamethasone dipropionate (BMD)-loaded archaeosomes and conventional liposomes were prepared by the thin-lipid film and sonication procedures, using, respectively, archaeal lipids extracted from archaea Halobacterium salinarum and enriched soy phosphatidylcholine. Vesicular formulations were characterized by assessing vesicle size, zeta potential, incorporation efficiency, and morphology.

Marinobacter lacisalsi sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from the saline-wetland wildfowl reserve Fuente de Piedra in southern Spain.

A Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, motile, moderately halophilic, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain FP2.5(T), was isolated from the inland hypersaline lake Fuente de Piedra, a saline-wetland wildfowl reserve located in the province of Málaga in southern Spain. Strain FP2.

Halomicrobium katesii sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon.

Two extremely halophilic archaea, strains Al-5(T) and K-1, were isolated from Lake Tebenquiche (Atacama Saltern, Chile) and Ezzemoul sabkha (Algeria), respectively. Cells of the two strains were short-rod-shaped and Gram-negative; colonies were orange-pigmented. They grew optimally at 37-40 degrees C and pH 7.

Administration of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum affects the diversity of murine intestinal lactobacilli, but not the overall bacterial community structure.

Lactobacilli are normal inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of many mammalian hosts. Their administration as probiotics in functional foods is currently a frequent practice, mainly because of their benefits to host health. It is therefore of interest to study the impact of administration of exogenous strains of Lactobacillus normally used as probiotics upon endogenous microbial populations.

A strain of Lactobacillus plantarum affects segmented filamentous bacteria in the intestine of immunosuppressed mice.

Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) are present in the gastrointestinal tract of mice from weaning until the maturation of the immune system. Probiotic bacteria also have an effect on host immunity. To study the relationships established between these bacteria, samples from a mouse model fed with Lactobacillus plantarum under different immunological conditions were analysed.

Characterisation of Paenibacillus jamilae strains that produce exopolysaccharide during growth on and detoxification of olive mill wastewaters.

A total of 10 bacterial strains were isolated from a compost of corn treated with olive mill wastewaters (OMW) and selected by their capacity to synthesize exopolysaccharides (EPS). Morphological, physiological, biochemical and nutritional tests were used for a phenotypic study. A numerical analysis showed that all strains were 90% similar to each other.

Production and characterization of the exopolysaccharide produced by Paenibacillus jamilae grown on olive mill-waste waters.

Paenibacillus jamilae, a strain isolated from compost prepared with olive-mill wastewaters, produced an extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) when it was grown in a culture containing olive-mill waste waters (OMWW) as sole carbon and energy sources. Maximal EPS production in 100 mL batch-culture experiments (5.1 g L(-1)) was reached with a concentration of 80% of OMWW as fermentation substrate (v/v).

Chromohalobacter salarius sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a solar saltern in Cabo de Gata, Almeria, southern Spain.

A moderately halophilic, Gram-negative bacterium (strain CG4.1(T)), which was isolated from a solar saltern at Cabo de Gata, a wildlife reserve located in the province of Almería, southern Spain, was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. This organism was an aerobic, motile rod that produced colonies with a yellow pigment.

Virgibacillus olivae sp. nov., isolated from waste wash-water from processing of Spanish-style green olives.

Four bacterial strains (E(30)8(T), E(55)49, I(30)77 and N(30)129) were isolated from the residual wash-water produced during the processing of Spanish-style green table olives. The isolates were subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study using phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic methods. The bacteria were Gram-positive, spore-forming rods.

Halomonas indalinina sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a solar saltern in Cabo de Gata, Almeria, southern Spain.

A moderately halophilic bacterium, strain CG2.1T, isolated from a solar saltern at Cabo de Gata, a wildlife reserve located in the province of Almería, southern Spain, was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. This organism was an aerobic, motile, Gram-negative rod that produced orange-pigmented colonies.

Salicola salis sp. nov., an extremely halophilic bacterium isolated from Ezzemoul sabkha in Algeria.

A novel, extremely halophilic bacterium was isolated from brine samples collected from Ezzemoul sabkha in north-east Algeria. Cells of this isolate, designated B2T, were Gram-negative, rod-shaped and motile. Growth occurred between 10 and 25% (w/v) NaCl and the isolate grew optimally at 15-20% (w/v) NaCl.