Positive Resection Margins Detected by Standardized Study of a Pancreaticoduodenectomy Sample: Is There Any Real Impact on Long-term Survival?

Introduction: The pathological evaluation of pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) samples and the impact of R1 resections on survival has recently been questioned. This study evaluates the introduction of a standardized pathology study protocol (PSP) and the prognosis of R1 resections after long-term follow-up.

Methods: We reviewed data from a prospectively maintained database regarding 109 periampullary tumors treated by PD from 2005 to 2013.

Ratio of Circulating Estrogen Receptors Beta and Alpha (ERβ/ERα) Indicates Endoscopic Activity in Patients with Crohn's Disease.

Background: Data supporting a role of female hormones and/or their receptors in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are increasing, but most of them are derived from animal models. Estrogen receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) participate in immune and inflammatory response, among a variety of biological processes. Their effects are antagonistic, and the net action of estrogens may depend on their relative proportions.