Chitosan-based endodontic irrigation solutions and TGF-β1 treatment: Creating the most favourable environment for the survival and proliferation of stem cells of the apical papilla in vitro.

Background: The dental pulp's environment is essential for the regulation of mesenchymal stem cells' homeostasis and thus, it is of great importance to evaluate the materials used in regenerative procedures.

Aim: To assess in vitro (i) the effect of chitosan nanoparticles, 0.2% chitosan irrigation solution, Dual Rinse®, 17% EDTA, 10% citric acid and 2.

Update on chelating agents in endodontic treatment: A systematic review.

Background: The aim of this review was to assess the evidence regarding the most commonly used chelating agents in terms of efficacy, erosive potential, cytotoxicity, interaction, antimicrobial effect, impact on sealers adhesion, and release of growth factors.

Material And Methods: MEDLINE (PubMed) database, Cochrane Library and Scopus were searched up to January 14, 2023, including studies with one or more of the following chelating agents: 17% EDTA, 9% and 18% HEDP, 10% and 20% citric acid, 2%-2.25% peracetic acid and 7% maleic acid.

Engineering a Microphysiological Model for Regenerative Endodontic Studies.

Dental pulp infections are common buccal diseases. When this happens, endodontic treatments are needed to disinfect and prepare the root canal for subsequent procedures. However, the lack of suitable in vitro models representing the anatomy of an immature root canal hinders research on regenerative events crucial in endodontics, such as regenerative procedures.

Preorthodontic dilacerated incisive crown modification in a pediatric patient: a case report.

Unlabelled: Dental dilacerations are abrupt deviations of the longitudinal axis of the crown or root portion of the tooth, caused by traumatic axial displacement of previously formed hard tissue in relation to the developing soft tissue.

Case Presentation: A 13-year-old boy in good general health was referred for root canal treatment of the maxillary left central incisor, for which abnormal crown morphology impeded orthodontic treatment. He presented bilateral crown dilaceration at both maxillary central incisors.

Dental Stem Cells SV40, a new cell line developed in vitro from human stem cells of the apical papilla.

Aim: To establish and fully characterize a new cell line from human stem cells of the apical papilla (SCAPs) through immortalization with an SV40 large T antigen.

Methodology: Human SCAPs were isolated and transfected with an SV40 large T antigen and treated with puromycin to select the infected population. Expression of human mesenchymal surface markers CD73, CD90 and CD105 was assessed in the new cell line named Dental Stem Cells SV40 (DSCS) by flow cytometry at early and late passages.

Update on citric acid use in endodontic treatment: a systematic review.

This systematic review aims to analyse the available evidence concerning the use of citric acid (CA) in endodontics treatment and to assess its results in terms of different considerations: effect on smear layer removal, influence on sealer bond strength, activation effect by means of sonic or ultrasonic devices, effects on dentine surface, antibacterial activity, and effectiveness boost for regenerative procedures, releasing growth factors from dentin. To evaluate the results of CA as a final irrigant and compare them to other chelating agents. This review followed the PRISMA checklist.

The fate of tetrathionate during the development of a biofilm in biogenic sulfuric acid attack on different cementitious materials.

The biodeterioration of cement-based materials in sewer environments occurs because of the production of sulfuric acid from the biochemical oxidation of HS by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB). In the perspective of determining the possible reaction pathways for the sulfur cycle in such conditions, hydrated cementitious binders were exposed to an accelerated laboratory test (BAC test) to reproduce a biochemical attack similar to the one occurring in the sewer networks. Tetrathionate was used as a reduced sulfur source to naturally develop sulfur-oxidizing activities on the surfaces of materials.

Medium- and Long-Term Re-Treatment of Root Canals Filled with a Calcium Silicate-Based Sealer: An Experimental Ex Vivo Study.

This study investigated the possibility of re-treating a calcium silicate-based sealer (CSBS), compared to an epoxy-resin sealer (RBS), using rotary instrumentation at different times from obturation (1 month/1 year). Thirty-six human mandibular premolars, extracted as a result of orthodontic or periodontal problems, were instrumented and randomly divided into three groups of 12: BR and BR*, which were filled with CSBS and re-treated after one month and one year of storage, respectively, and AH, which was filled with RBS and re-treated after one month. The same re-treatment protocol was used for all teeth, and the times required for the procedure was recorded.

Does Root Development Status Affect the Outcome of Tooth Autotransplantation? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Tooth autotransplantation is defined as the surgical repositioning of an autogenous tooth in another surgical site within the same individual. The aim of this research was to analyze the outcome of tooth transplantation using immature donor teeth compared with closed apex teeth and to compare differences between donor tooth positions on the arch. Electronic and manual literature searches were performed in different databases, including the National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE), EMBASE (OVID), Cochrane Central (CENTRAL), and the digital library of the Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC University) from 1978 to March 2021.

Comparison of active versus passive audiovisual distraction tools on children's behaviour, anxiety and pain in paediatric dentistry: a randomised crossover clinical trial.

Aim: To determine the effect of active distraction when playing PlayStation® video games, compared to passive distraction when watching a cartoon with audiovisual eyeglasses, on parental perception of patients' anxiety, and children's anxiety, pain, behaviour and heart rate during restorative procedures in paediatric dentistry.

Materials And Methods: Study design: Randomised crossover clinical trial. There were 34 patients in the cartoon film group (passive distraction) and 34 in the Playstation® video game group (active distraction), aged 6-8 years, who required a minimum of 2 visits for restorative treatment.

Root Canal Filling Quality Comparison of a Premixed Calcium Silicate Endodontic Sealer and Different Carrier-Based Obturation Systems.

Background: The number of voids within the root canal obturation is a relevant parameter to describe the quality of the technique, as well as to predict long-term prognosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of root canal obturation in curved root canals filled with Thermafil, GuttaCore, GuttaFusion and lateral compaction with AH Plus and EndoSequence BC sealer, by means of percentage of gutta-percha and sealer filled area.

Methods: 200 curved canals of mandibular molars were divided in five groups ( = 40).

Long-term evaluation of primary teeth molar pulpotomies with Biodentine and MTA: a CONSORT randomized clinical trial.

Background: Calcium silicate-based materials have become widely used in recent years due to their positive effect on pulp cells, which stimulate tertiary dentin formation.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare clinically and radiographically the performance of MTA and Biodentine as pulp-dressing materials following pulpotomy in primary molars at 24-month follow-up.

Design: Molars from patients aged 4-9 years scheduled for pulpotomy were treated with either MTA or Biodentine followed by a stainless-steel crown.

Guided Endodontics for Managing Severely Calcified Canals.

Endodontic treatment of teeth with pulp canal obliteration presents a challenge given the high likelihood of procedural errors and complications during treatment. These drawbacks can be avoided by using a personalized 3-dimensional (3D) guide designed by overlaying a cone-beam computed tomographic scan with an intraoral scan of the patient. This 3D guide enables the clinician to obtain a straight access to the obliterated root canal.

A 12-month follow-up of primary and secondary root canal treatment in teeth obturated with a hydraulic sealer.

Objectives: This randomized, controlled, pilot study assessed the outcome of non-surgical primary/secondary root canal treatments either with a novel bioactive sealer and the single-cone technique or with gutta-percha, zinc oxide-eugenol sealer (ZOE), and warm vertical compaction.

Materials And Methods: Sixty-nine patients were randomly divided into two groups that were treated using the single-cone technique with BioRoot RCS (Septodont) (BIO group) or warm vertical compaction with gutta-percha and ZOE sealer (PCS group). Two subsamples (BIOAP and PCSAP) comprised the cases with apical periodontitis.

Relationship between internal root resorption and dens in dente.

Background: The aim is to report the treatment and follow-up of three lateral incisors with internal root resorption and dens in dente as a possible cause for their development, managed by root canal treatment and apical obturation with MTA or gutta-percha.

Case Description: This case report presents three clinical cases in which dens invaginatus type 2 is shown as a potential cause for the development of internal root resorption. Two cases were filled with a MTA apical plug technique and one with gutta-percha, and all were follow-up through time.

Inflammatory biomarkers in dentinal fluid as an approach to molecular diagnostics in pulpitis.

Aim: To explore a set of inflammatory biomarkers obtained from dentinal fluid (DF) from patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (IP), reversible pulpitis (RP) and normal pulp (NP).

Methodology: A cross-sectional exploratory study was performed, recruiting 64 patients on the basis of their respective pulp condition. DF samples were obtained from all patients (23, from IP patients; 20, from RP patients; and 21, from NP patients).

Harvesting of Prebiotic Fructooligosaccharides by Nonbeneficial Human Gut Bacteria.

Prebiotic oligosaccharides, such as fructooligosaccharides, are increasingly being used to modulate the composition and activity of the gut microbiota. However, carbohydrate utilization analyses and metagenomic studies recently revealed the ability of deleterious and uncultured human gut bacterial species to metabolize these functional foods. Moreover, because of the difficulties of functionally profiling transmembrane proteins, only a few prebiotic transporters have been biochemically characterized to date, while carbohydrate binding and transport are the first and thus crucial steps in their metabolization.

Efficacy of sonic and ultrasonic irrigation devices in the removal of debris from canal irregularities in artificial root canals.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of different sonic and ultrasonic devices in the elimination of debris from canal irregularities in artificial root canals.

Materials And Methods: A resin model of a transparent radicular canal filled with dentin debris was used. Five groups were tested, namely: Group 1 - ultrasonic insert 15.

Photodynamic therapy in endodontics.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment modality that was initiated in 1900; however, it was not until the last decade that PDT regained attention for its several favourable features during the treatment of microbial infections in endodontics. Recently, several papers advocated its use for root canal treatment. The concept of photodynamic inactivation requires microbial exposure to either exogenous or endogenous photosensitizer molecules, followed by visible light energy, typically wavelengths in the red/near-infrared region that cause the excitation of the photosensitizers resulting in the production of singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen species that react with intracellular components and consequently produce cell inactivation and death.

Effectiveness of complementary irrigation routines in debriding pulp tissue from root canals instrumented with a single reciprocating file.

Aim: To compare histologically the debridement efficacy of four irrigation techniques in root canals instrumented with a reciprocating single file.

Methodology: From recently extracted premolars with vital pulp, 68 were selected and classified as having round canals (mesiodistal diameter similar to buccolingual) or oval-shaped canals (mesiodistal diameter 2.5 times larger than buccolingual) (n = 32, each) by means of bidirectional radiographs.

MTA and biodentine for primary teeth pulpotomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.

Objective: This study aims to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials in order to evaluate the clinical and radiographic success rates of primary teeth pulpotomy performed with biodentine, when compared to MTA.

Methods: Search strategies were conducted in nine databases on August 5th, 2017, update on February 14th, 2018. Clinical articles were selected, which were in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria and the research objective.

Evaluation of the WaveOne Gold and One Shape New Generation in Reducing Enterococcus faecalis from Root Canal.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the WaveOne Gold and One Shape New Generation systems regarding the bacterial removal from root canals infected with Enterococcus faecalis by comparing them to the conventional WaveOne and One Shape systems. Forty-eight distobuccal root canals of maxillary molars sterilized with ethylene oxide were infected with E. faecalis for 21 days, and then root canal initial bacterial sample was collected with paper cones and plated on M-enterococcus agar.

Comparison of PathFile and ProFinder Systems to Create a Glide Path in Curved Root Canals.

Objective: Root canal shaping is as important as irrigation and filling when attempting to obtain a high success rate in endodontic treatment. The creation of a glide path before the use of rotary instruments reduces the risk of posterior iatrogenic errors. The objective of the present study was to evaluate instrumentation time and root canal transport after using 2 different glide path rotary systems.

Direct Pulp Capping with Calcium Hydroxide, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, and Biodentine in Permanent Young Teeth with Caries: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Introduction: Direct pulp capping treatment is intended to preserve pulp vitality, to avoid or retard root canal treatment, and, in cases with an open apex, to allow continued root development. Historically, calcium hydroxide (CH) was the gold standard material, but nowadays calcium silicate materials (CSMs) are displacing CH because of their high bioactivity, biocompatibility, sealing ability, and mechanical properties. However, more randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm the appropriateness of CSMs as replacement materials for CH in direct pulp capping procedures.