Implications of the microbiome after pancreatic cancer resection with regard to morbidity and mortality.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive disease with an extremely poor prognosis. The most common complications after a pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) include surgical site infection (SSI), postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF), and delayed gastric emptying (DGE). The potential role and mechanisms of microbial colonization of key surgical sites resulting in perioperative complications after PD remain to be fully elucidated.

MicroRNAs as Bile-based biomarkers in pancreaticobiliary cancers (MIRABILE): a cohort study.

Background: Biliary obstruction can be due to both malignant and benign pancreaticobiliary disease. Currently, there are no biomarkers that can accurately help make this distinction. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are stable molecules in tissue and biofluids that are commonly deregulated in cancer.

Gastrointestinal Permeability After Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review.

Gastrointestinal permeability refers to the movement of substances across the gut wall. This is mediated by endotoxemia (bacterial products entering the systemic circulation), and is associated with metabolic disease. The effect of bariatric surgery on permeability remains uncertain; the associated dietary, metabolic and weight changes are suggested to influence, or trigger, altered permeability.

The microbial composition of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a systematic review of 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Background: Pancreatic cancer, specifically pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), continues to pose a significant clinical and scientific challenge. The most significant finding of recent years is that PDAC tumours harbour their specific microbiome, which differs amongst tumour entities and is distinct from healthy tissue. This review aims to evaluate and summarise all PDAC studies that have used the next-generation technique, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing within each bodily compartment.

Impact of tertiary lymphoid structures on prognosis and therapeutic response in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is known to have a heterogeneous desmoplastic tumour microenvironment (TME) with a large number of immunosuppressive cells. Recently, high B-cell infiltration in PDAC has received growing interest as a potential therapeutic target.

Methods: Our literature review summarises the characteristics of tumour-associated tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) and highlight the key studies exploring the clinical outcomes of TLSs in PDAC patients and the direct effect on the TME.

The Roles and Interactions of and in Oral and Gastrointestinal Carcinogenesis: A Narrative Review.

Epidemiological studies have spotlighted the intricate relationship between individual oral bacteria and tumor occurrence. and , which are known periodontal pathogens, have emerged as extensively studied participants with potential pathogenic abilities in carcinogenesis. However, the complex dynamics arising from interactions between these two pathogens were less addressed.

Bile Microbiome Signatures Associated with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Compared to Benign Disease: A UK Pilot Study.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a very poor survival. The intra-tumoural microbiome can influence pancreatic tumourigenesis and chemoresistance and, therefore, patient survival. The role played by bile microbiota in PDAC is unknown.

Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency and the Gut Microbiome in Pancreatic Cancer: A Target for Future Diagnostic Tests and Therapies?

Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) is common amongst pancreatic cancer patients and is associated with poorer treatment outcomes. Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) is known to improve outcomes in pancreatic cancer, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. The aim of this narrative literature review is to summarise the current evidence linking PEI with microbiome dysbiosis, assess how microbiome composition may be impacted by PERT treatment, and look towards possible future diagnostic and therapeutic targets in this area.

The Role of the Multiparametric MRI LiverMultiScan in the Quantitative Assessment of the Liver and Its Predicted Clinical Applications in Patients Undergoing Major Hepatic Resection for Colorectal Liver Metastasis.

Liver biopsy remains the gold standard for the histological assessment of the liver. With clear disadvantages and the rise in the incidences of liver disease, the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) and an explosion of surgical management options available, non-invasive serological and imaging markers of liver histopathology have never been more pertinent in order to assess liver health and stratify patients considered for surgical intervention. Liver MRI is a leading modality in the assessment of hepatic malignancy.

Advances in Immunotherapeutics in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) accounts for up to 95% of all pancreatic cancer cases and is the seventh-leading cause of cancer death. Poor prognosis is a result of late presentation, a lack of screening tests and the fact some patients develop resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Novel therapies like immunotherapeutics have been of recent interest in pancreatic cancer.

Graphene Sensor Arrays for Rapid and Accurate Detection of Pancreatic Cancer Exosomes in Patients' Blood Plasma Samples.

Biosensors based on graphene field effect transistors (GFETs) have the potential to enable the development of point-of-care diagnostic tools for early stage disease detection. However, issues with reproducibility and manufacturing yields of graphene sensors, but also with Debye screening and unwanted detection of nonspecific species, have prevented the wider clinical use of graphene technology. Here, we demonstrate that our wafer-scalable GFETs array platform enables meaningful clinical results.

Gastric outlet obstruction secondary to a wandering spleen: systematic review and surgical management of a case.

Introduction: A wandering spleen occurs when laxity or absence of the suspensory ligaments allows migration throughout the abdomen. Gastric outlet obstruction resulting from this abnormality is rare. We present a systematic literature search and a case that was managed successfully with surgical intervention at our centre.

Caring for a child with an eating disorder: Understanding differences among mothers and fathers of adolescent and adult children.

Objective: This study investigated treatment-engagement fears, self-efficacy, and accommodating and enabling in mothers and fathers of adolescent and adult children with eating disorders.

Methods: This study involved a secondary analysis of pre-treatment data from a subsample of 143 parents (95 mothers; 48 fathers) from a Canada-wide multi-site study. Parents completed the Caregiver Traps Scale, Parents Versus Anorexia Scale, and the Accommodation and Enabling Scale for Eating Disorders.

Herpes simplex oesophagitis leading to perforation and mediastinal collection: a case report and review of literature.

Herpes simplex oesophagitis is rare, especially in immunocompetent patients. A 78-year-old man presented with sepsis on the background of several months of retrosternal chest pain and fatigue. Computed tomography of the chest abdomen and pelvis revealed a large mediastinal collection and an oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy demonstrated a healed mucosal scar from a spontaneously healed perforation.

Employment Stress and Couple Adjustment among Clients With Disorders of Gambling and Alcohol Use: Themes of Transfers in Congruence Couple Therapy.

Background: Individuals with problematic gambling, alcohol and substance use commonly report lower employment rates and more employment-related problems such as job loss, work conflicts and poor performance.

Method: A thematic qualitative analysis was conducted to extract employment-related themes from 21 sets of addiction counselors' case notes of couple therapy sessions (average 10 sessions per case) from a randomized controlled trial of Congruence Couple Therapy (CCT). Case notes were examined for the types of employment issues to answer the research question: What are the interconnections of employment, couple adjustment and addictive behaviors as revealed in the CCT counselors' case notes?

Results: Five key areas of employment-related stress were identified: (1) unemployment, (2) financial concerns, (3) history of crime, (4) overworking and workaholism, and (5) workplace conflict.

A Comprehensive Review of the Current and Future Role of the Microbiome in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is expected to become the second most common cause of cancer death in the USA by 2030, yet progress continues to lag behind that of other cancers, with only 9% of patients surviving beyond 5 years. Long-term survivorship of PDAC and improving survival has, until recently, escaped our understanding. One recent frontier in the cancer field is the microbiome.

South Asian Albertan Men's Understandings of Spousal Violence.

This qualitative study investigated understandings of spousal violence among 17 South Asian men residing in Alberta, Canada using focus groups. Thematic analysis revealed men's ignorance about sexual coercion as a form of abuse, although they had a solid understanding of physical and financial abuse. The men identified novel forms of emotional torture, as well as two types of transnational abuses that occur in their communities which have not emerged from previous studies: framing wives for false crimes across international borders and forced participation in family chain migration.

Idiopathic retroperitoneal haematoma causing duodenal obstruction: a case report and review of literature.

Idiopathic retroperitoneal haematoma is a rare clinical entity; resulting duodenal obstruction is even more occult. It can pose a diagnostic challenge due to variable presentations. Timely management requires a high index of suspicion and a multidisciplinary approach.

A case report and review of the literature of Bouveret syndrome.

Bouveret syndrome is a rare variant of gallstone ileus causing gastric outlet obstruction. It results from the formation of either a cholecystoduodenal or a cholecystogastric fistula and subsequent migration of gallstone into the duodenum or pylorus of stomach, causing obstruction. The first case was reported by Leon Bouveret in 1896.

Design of a Proficiency-Based Skills Training Curriculum for Our Newly Validated 3-Dimensional (3D) Laparoscopic Models, Using MISTELS.

: There are presently no courses or training curricula for surgical simulation that include training with 3-Dimensional (3D) laparoscopic platforms. Our aim is to create an expert led design of a proficiency-based skills training curriculum for our newly validated 3D laparoscopic models, using MISTELS compensating speed for precision and accuracy. : In this study, 5 tasks were performed by 12 expert surgeons of different specializations on low-cost, portable models designed for 3D display.