Pancreatic Heterotopia in the Biliary Cyst Wall of a Pregnant Patient and Literature Review.

Pancreatic heterotopia is the presence of pancreatic tissue in a different anatomical location with no connection to the main pancreas. The most common locations in the gastrointestinal system are duodenum, stomach, and Meckel diverticulum. However, it is quite rare in the hepatobiliary system.

Targeting LINC00152 activates cAMP/Ca/ferroptosis axis and overcomes tamoxifen resistance in ER+ breast cancer.

Tamoxifen has been the mainstay therapy to treat early, locally advanced, and metastatic estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer, constituting around 75% of all cases. However, emergence of resistance is common, necessitating the identification of novel therapeutic targets. Here, we demonstrated that long-noncoding RNA LINC00152 confers tamoxifen resistance via blocking tamoxifen-induced ferroptosis, an iron-mediated cell death.

Effectiveness of metformin for the reversal of cold-ischemia-induced damage in hepatosteatosis.

Background: Primary dysfunction and rejection are more common in donor liver tissues with steatosis. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) assumes organ-protective functions during ischemia. Metformin was used for the activation of AMPK in hepatocytes.

Targeting TACC3 Induces Immunogenic Cell Death and Enhances T-DM1 Response in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer.

Unlabelled: Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) was the first and one of the most successful antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) approved for treating refractory HER2-positive breast cancer. Despite its initial clinical efficacy, resistance is unfortunately common, necessitating approaches to improve response. Here, we found that in sensitive cells, T-DM1 induced spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC)-dependent immunogenic cell death (ICD), an immune-priming form of cell death.

A comparative urinary proteomic and metabolomic analysis between renal aa amyloidosis and membranous nephropathy with clinicopathologic correlations.

Urinary omics has become a powerful tool for elucidating pathophysiology of glomerular diseases. However, no urinary omics analysis has been performed yet on renal AA amyloidosis. Here, we performed a comparative urine proteomic and metabolomic analysis between recently diagnosed renal AA amyloidosis (AA) and membranous nephropathy (MN) patients.

Toxic PARP trapping upon cAMP-induced DNA damage reinstates the efficacy of endocrine therapy and CDK4/6 inhibitors in treatment-refractory ER+ breast cancer.

Resistance to endocrine therapy and CDK4/6 inhibitors, the standard of care (SOC) in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer, greatly reduces patient survival. Therefore, elucidating the mechanisms of sensitivity and resistance to SOC therapy and identifying actionable targets are urgently needed. Here, we show that SOC therapy causes DNA damage and toxic PARP1 trapping upon generation of a functional BRCAness (i.

A Novel Gene List Identifies Tumors with a Stromal-Mesenchymal Phenotype and Worse Prognosis in Gastric Cancer.

Background: Molecular biomarkers that predict disease progression can help identify tumor subtypes and shape treatment plans. In this study, we aimed to identify robust biomarkers of prognosis in gastric cancer based on transcriptomic data obtained from primary gastric tumors.

Methods: Microarray, RNA sequencing, and single-cell RNA sequencing-based gene expression data from gastric tumors were obtained from public databases.

Transcriptomic Analysis of Hepatitis B Infected Liver for Prediction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB) has been a major risk factor for HCC development. The pathogenesis of HBV-related HCC has been a major focus revealing the interplay of a multitude of intracellular signaling pathways, yet the precise mechanisms and their implementations to clinical practice remain to be elucidated. This study utilizes publicly available transcriptomic data from the livers of CHB patients in order to identify a population with a higher risk of malignant transformation.

A child presenting with bullous emphysema.

Background: Placental transmogrification of the lung (PTL) is a clinical spectrum varying from asymptomatic to severe pulmonary impairment; such as recurrent pneumothorax, bronchopneumonia, respiratory distress syndrome and chronic obstructive airway disease. PTL usually presents as a bullous lesion, and rarely can appear in nodule or cyst formation on chest imaging. PTL with giant bullous emphysema has a male preference, is more commonly unilateral and mostly affects one lobe, but can rarely involve more than one lobe.

Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, Epstein-Barr Virus -Positive Kappa Monotypic Plasma Cell Proliferation and Invasive Carcinoma, Developing in a Child With Defective Mismatch Repair.

Constitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD) syndrome is characterized by biallelic mutations in a mismatch repair gene and is associated with development of childhood cancers and symptoms resembling neurofibromatosis type 1, like café-au-lait spots. We describe the extremely rare case of a 12-year-old male presenting with several light brown macular lesions on the skin, gastrointestinal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, adenomatous polyposis throughout the gastrointestinal tract and an intra-abdominal invasive carcinoma derived from upper gastrointestinal system. All neoplasia, as well as normal tissues, showed loss of Msh6 expression with immunohistochemistry.

Gastric Carcinoma with Lymphoid Stroma: A Combination of Mismatch Repair Deficient Medullary Type and Epstein-Barr Virus-associated Gastric Carcinomas.

Gastric carcinomas consist of a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with broad cytological and architectural variations. Gastric carcinomas with lymphoid stroma show poor correlation between their histomorphology and biological behavior. This contrast causes a need for more detailed analysis and molecular exploration of lymphoid stroma-rich gastric carcinomas with medullary like features and lack of glandular differentiation.

Evidence for Diverse Prognosis in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma: Solid, Pseudoendometrioid, and Transitional-Like; So-Called "SET Morphology" and Progesterone Receptor Status.

Objective: High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) is one of the major tumors of the gynecological system with a poor survival rate and variable microscopic appearance. It was suggested that SET (solid, pseudo-endometrioid and transitional-like) morphology in ovarian HGSC is predictably associated with BRCA deficiencies. In this study, we investigated the microscopic patterns and some immunohistochemical markers predicting the prognosis of serous carcinoma.

Dismal Prognosis of Acute Allergic Tubulointerstitial Nephritis in Patients with AA Amyloidosis.

Introduction: Patients with AA amyloidosis may present with acute kidney injury that progresses to end-stage kidney disease in a short period of time. Acute allergic tubulointerstitial nephritis (aTIN) is a frequent cause of acute kidney injury in patients with AA amyloidosis. Although aTIN has a favorable prognosis in the general population, the course of aTIN in patients with AA amyloidosis was not previously reported.

Quality assurance: Evaluation and comparison of methods for electron microscopic measurement of GBM width and the effect of in-lab calibration in diagnostic renal pathology.

Replacing equipment and software can improve efficiency and allow updates to laboratory procedures, but has the potential to introduce changes in established values for a laboratory. Replacement of an electron microscope (EM), fitted with an updated digital camera, and use of new software for imaging and analysis prompted this QA study to ensure that new equipment, imaging, and measurement of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) produced data consistent with the laboratory's established range of normal width. GBM measurements from 14 randomly selected human renal biopsies were compared using five different approaches.

Comprehensive clinicopathologic characteristics of intraabdominal neurogenic tumors: Single institution experience.

Background: Neurogenic tumors are rare but represent an important consideration in the differential diagnosis of abdominal mesenchymal tumors. Reports on their incidence, pathological features and clinical characteristics are scarce.

Aim: To advance the overall knowledge on the histologic, immunohistochemical, clinical and radiologic characteristics of neurogenic tumors through this case series.

ANCA-associated pauci-immune necrotizing glomerulonephritis during the treatment with pembrolizumab.

Cancer immunotherapy is rapidly changing the treatment paradigm in oncology, and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) have been used successfully in a variety of cancer types. Specific side effects termed immune-related adverse events (irAEs) have now been described in various organ systems, including the kidney. Renal complications have rarely been reported compared with other irAEs and mostly consist of acute interstitial nephritis.

Chronic levetiracetam decreases hippocampal and testicular aromatase expression in normal but not kainic acid-induced experimental model of acute seizures in rats.

Reproductive disorders are more common in men with epilepsy taking anticonvulsant medications. Antiseizure/anticonvulsant drugs and seizures in medial temporal lobe structures may cause gonadal dysfunction, including infertility, decreased libido, and potency. Levels of circulating bioavailable testosterone are affected by the aromatase enzyme, which converts testosterone into estrogen and may be affected by seizure medications.

Sclerosing Stromal Tumor Mimicking a Pregnancy Luteoma: Case Report of a Diagnostically Challenging Entity Further Complicated by the Presence of Metastatic Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma From the Stomach.

Sclerosing stromal tumors of the ovary are very rare. We report the case of a 29-year-old pregnant woman who presented with a history of preterm labor and gestational hypertension. A huge mass measuring 30 cm in greatest dimension was recognized on the right ovary during cesarean section.