Hand-grip strength in recreational downhill skiers: a comparison to normative reference values.

Hand-grip strength was evaluated in 757 recreational downhill skiers and compared to 1021 community-dwellers. Findings are reported for age and sex categories consistent with community-dwelling norms. Effect size (Cohen's d) was calculated to estimate the clinical relevance of strength differences between populations.

Repeated Short-Term Bouts of Hyperoxia Improve Aerobic Performance in Acute Hypoxia.

Faulhaber, M, Schneider, S, Rausch, LK, Dünnwald, T, Menz, V, Gatterer, H, Kennedy, MD, and Schobersberger, W. Repeated short-term bouts of hyperoxia improve aerobic performance in acute hypoxia. J Strength Cond Res 37(10): 2016-2022, 2023-This study aimed to test the effects of repeated short-term bouts of hyperoxia on maximal 5-minute cycling performance under acute hypoxic conditions (3,200 m).

Effects of Regular Long-Term Circuit Training (Once per Week) on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Previously Sedentary Adults.

The purpose of the study was (1) to investigate the effects of regular long-term circuit training (once per week) on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in sedentary adults and (2) to compare training progress with the effects of continued exercise participation by regularly active age-matched individuals. Ten sedentary, middle-aged (51 ± 6 years) individuals (sedentary group, SG) of both sexes performed 32 weeks (1 training session/week) of supervised circuit training and 10 weeks of self-managed training. Effects were compared to an age-matched group (51 ± 8 years; = 10) of regularly active individuals (active group, AG).

Effects of Acute Hypoxia on Lactate Thresholds and High-Intensity Endurance Performance-A Pilot Study.

The present project compared acute hypoxia-induced changes in lactate thresholds (methods according to Mader, Dickhuth and Cheng) with changes in high-intensity endurance performance. Six healthy and well-trained volunteers conducted graded cycle ergometer tests in normoxia and in acute normobaric hypoxia (simulated altitude 3000 m) to determine power output at three lactate thresholds (P, P, P). Subsequently, participants performed two maximal 30-min cycling time trials in normoxia (test 1 for habituation) and one in normobaric hypoxia to determine mean power output (P).

Assessment of Maximal Aerobic Capacity in Ski Mountaineering: A Laboratory-Based Study.

This study aims to evaluate the agreement in maximum oxygen consumption (V˙Omax) between a running protocol and a ski mountaineering (SKIMO) protocol. Eighteen (eleven males, seven females) ski mountaineers (age: 25 ± 3 years) participated in the study. V˙Omax, maximum heart rate (HRmax), and maximum blood lactate concentration (BLAmax) were determined in an incremental uphill running test and an incremental SKIMO-equipment-specific test.

Acute Moderate Hypoxia Reduces One-Legged Cycling Performance Despite Compensatory Increase in Peak Cardiac Output: A Pilot Study.

In severe hypoxia, single-leg peak oxygen uptake (VO) is reduced mainly due to the inability to increase cardiac output (CO). Whether moderate altitude allows CO to increase during single-leg cycling, thereby restoring VO, has not been extensively investigated. Five healthy subjects performed an incremental, maximal, two-legged cycle ergometer test, and on separate days a maximal incremental one-leg cycling test in normoxia and in moderate hypoxia (fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO) = 15%).

Power Profiling in U23 Professional Cyclists During a Competitive Season.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the power profile of U23 professional cyclists during a competitive season based on maximal mean power output (MMP) and derived critical power (CP) and work capacity above CP (W') obtained during training and racing.

Methods: A total of 13 highly trained U23 professional cyclists (age = 21.1 [1.

6-week High-intensity Interval Training (HIIT) of the Lower Extremities Improves VO2max of the Upper Extremities.

High intensity interval training (HIIT) is widely used to improve VO. The purpose of this study was to examine if lower extremity HIIT resulted in improved maximal oxygen uptake (VO) and peak power output (PPO) of the upper extremities. Twenty healthy and trained participants (11 female and 9 male, VO 3160±1175 ml/min) underwent a 6-week HIIT program of the lower extremities on a cycle ergometer.

Cardiorespiratory and Metabolic Responses During Graded Exercise in Normobaric and Hypobaric Hypoxia.

The study investigated submaximal exercise responses during an acute exposure to normobaric hypoxia (NH) versus hypobaric hypoxia (HH) focusing on different exercise intensities. Eight recreationally trained male subjects (age 23 ± 3 years) performed submaximal cycling exercise at three different intensity levels (100, 150, and 200 W) in NH (simulated altitude 3150 m) and HH (terrestrial high altitude, 3150 m) in a cross-over study design. Cardiorespiratory parameter, blood lactate concentration, and ratings of perceived exertion were determined at each intensity level.

Mortality in Different Mountain Sports Activities Primarily Practiced in the Winter Season-A Narrative Review.

Annually, millions of people engage in mountain sports activities all over the world. These activities are associated with health benefits, but concurrently with a risk for injury and death. Knowledge on death rates is considered important for the categorization of high-risk sports in literature and for the development of effective preventive measures.

Mortality in Different Mountain Sports Activities Primarily Practiced in the Summer Season-A Narrative Review.

Millions of people engage in mountain sports activities worldwide. Although leisure-time physical activity is associated with significant health benefits, mountain sports activities also bear an inherent risk for injury and death. However, death risk may vary across various types of mountain sports activities.

Functional Vs. Running Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Training: Effects on VOmax and Muscular Endurance.

The purpose of the study was to assess if high-intensity interval training (HIIT) using functional exercises is as effective as traditional running HIIT in improving maximum oxygen uptake (VOmax) and muscular endurance. Fifteen healthy, moderately trained female (n = 11) and male (n= 4) participants (age 25.6 ± 2.

The use of medication and alcohol in recreational downhill skiers: Results of a survey including 816 subjects in Tyrol.

Objective: The aim of this study was to collect data on the medication and alcohol use in recreational downhill skiers.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: The study was conducted during the 2014 winter season in different ski resorts in Tyrol, Austria.

Exercise Performance, Muscle Oxygen Extraction and Blood Cell Mitochondrial Respiration after Repeated-Sprint and Sprint Interval Training in Hypoxia: A Pilot Study.

This study aimed to investigate and compare the effects of repeated-sprint (RSH) and sprint interval training in hypoxia (SIH) on sea level running and cycling performance, and to elucidate potential common or divergent adaptations of muscle perfusion and -oxygenation as well as mitochondrial respiration of blood cells. Eleven team-sport athletes performed either RSH (3x5x10s, 20s and 5min recovery between repetitions and sets) or SIH (4x30s, 5min recovery) cycling training for 3weeks (3 times/week) at a simulated altitude of 2,200m. Before and three days after the training period, a Wingate and a repeated cycling sprint test (5x6s, 20s recovery) were performed with a 30min resting period between the tests.

[Secondary Full Title: Effects of high intensity interval training in plain and uphill regarding physical performance].

Background: As the number of HIITs is increasing in competitive and non-competitive sports, the risk of injuries and overload is increasing. There are no scientific data to support specific recommendations in regard to intensity, duration, number of intervals and gradient for HIIT that result in improved muscular parameters in athletes. Therefore the aim of this study was to compare HIIT in plain and uphill exercise, with respect to exercise tolerance and improvements in performance (VO and 800 m running time in the plain and uphill).

Influence of high-intensity interval training on ventilatory efficiency in trained athletes.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 3 weeks high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on ventilatory efficiency (V/VCO slope) in endurance athletes. Sixteen male well-trained (67.72 ml kg min) athletes participated in this study.

Effect of Qigong exercise on cognitive function, blood pressure and cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy middle-aged subjects.

Objective: To investigate effects of Qigong exercise on cognitive function, blood pressure and cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy middle-aged subjects.

Methods: Study part 1 examined the effects of Qigong exercise in 12 subjects (5 males, 7 females, aged 52.2±7.

Physiological Factors Associated With Declining Repeated Sprint Performance in Hypoxia.

Gatterer, H, Menz, V, Untersteiner, C, Klarod, K, and Burtscher, M. Physiological factors associated with declining repeated sprint performance in hypoxia. J Strength Cond Res 33(1): 211-216, 2019-Performance loss in hypoxia might not only be caused by reduced oxygen availability, but might also be influenced by other factors, as for example, oxidative stress, perceived exertion, or breathing patterns.

Is acute mountain sickness related to trait anxiety? A normobaric chamber study.

Introduction: Some mountaineers are more prone to the occurrence of acute mountain sickness (AMS) than others. State anxiety during altitude exposure might be associated with AMS development. We hypothesized that trait anxiety might be higher in AMS cases compared to non-AMS cases.

Seven Passive 1-h Hypoxia Exposures Do Not Prevent AMS in Susceptible Individuals.

Purpose: The present study evaluated the effects of a preacclimatization program comprising seven passive 1-h exposures to 4500-m normobaric hypoxia on the prevalence and severity of acute mountain sickness (AMS) during a subsequent exposure to real high altitude in persons susceptible to AMS.

Methods: The project was designed as a randomized controlled trial including 32 healthy female and male participants with known susceptibility to AMS symptoms. After baseline measurements, participants were randomly assigned to the hypoxia or the control group to receive the preacclimatization program (seven passive 1-h exposures within 7 d to normobaric hypoxia or sham hypoxia).

Cardiorespiratory Effects of One-Legged High-Intensity Interval Training in Normoxia and Hypoxia: A Pilot Study.

A higher-than-average maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), is closely associated with decreased morbidity and mortality and improved quality of life and acts as a marker of cardiorespiratory fitness. Although there is no consensus about an optimal training method to enhance VO2max, nevertheless training of small muscle groups and repeated exposure to hypoxia seem to be promising approaches. Therefore, this study was aimed at gaining innovative insights into the effects of small muscle group training in normoxia and hypoxia.

Representation of continuous hand and arm movements in macaque areas M1, F5, and AIP: a comparative decoding study.

Objective: In the last decade, multiple brain areas have been investigated with respect to their decoding capability of continuous arm or hand movements. So far, these studies have mainly focused on motor or premotor areas like M1 and F5. However, there is accumulating evidence that anterior intraparietal area (AIP) in the parietal cortex also contains information about continuous movement.

Effect of 3-week high-intensity interval training on VO2max, total haemoglobin mass, plasma and blood volume in well-trained athletes.

Purpose: This study examined the haematological adaptations to high-intensity interval training (HIT), i.e. total haemoglobin mass (tHb-mass), blood volume (BV), and plasma volume (PV), and its effects on VO2max in well-trained athletes.

Shuttle-run sprint training in hypoxia for youth elite soccer players: a pilot study.

The purposes of the present study were to investigate if a) shuttle-run sprint training performed in a normobaric hypoxia chamber of limited size (4.75x2.25m) is feasible, in terms of producing the same absolute training load, when compared to training in normoxia, and b) if such training improves the repeated sprint ability (RSA) and the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery (YYIR) test outcome in young elite soccer players.

Symptom progression in acute mountain sickness during a 12-hour exposure to normobaric hypoxia equivalent to 4500 m.

The diagnosis and quantification of severity of acute mountain sickness (AMS) continue to be problematic. What symptoms should be included in a score and how to weigh any given symptom in the total score remain matter of debate. Seventy seven healthy male (n=43) and female (n=34) volunteers, aged between 18 and 42 years, were exposed to normobaric hypoxia (Fio2=12.