3D printing of pharmaceutical dosage forms: Recent advances and applications.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing, also referred to as additive manufacturing, is considered to be a game-changing technology in many industries and is also considered to have potential use cases in pharmaceutical manufacturing, especially if individualization is desired. In this review article the authors systematically researched literature published during the last 5 years (2019 - spring 2024) on the topic of 3D printed dosage forms. Besides all kinds of oral dosage forms ranging from tablets and capsules to films, pellets, etc.

From design to 3D printing: A proof-of-concept study for multiple unit particle systems (MUPS) printed by dual extrusion fused filament fabrication.

MUPS (multiple unit particle systems) are oral dosage forms consisting of small particles which are filled into capsules or compressed into tablets. Compared to monolithic sustained-release tablets, MUPS tablets rapidly disintegrate inside the stomach releasing the contained small particles, which can be emptied from the stomach independent of housekeeping waves. Control of release can be achieved by adapting the particle composition.

Radioimmunological determination of fenoterol. Part II: Antiserum and tracer for the determination of fenoterol.

A radioimmunological method for the determination of the concentration of fenoterol in biological samples is described. The mixture of antibodies against the enantiomers of fenoterol obtained with the selected hapten shows a high affinity for racemic fenoterol and for the monoiodo125-fenoterol used as a tracer, which is also present as a racemate. The limit of detection of the radioimmunoassay for fenoterol (racemate) in biological samples (plasma, urine) is 10-20 pg/ml.

Stereoselective formation of fenoterol-para-glucuronide and fenoterol-meta-glucuronide in rat hepatocytes and enterocytes.

The glucuronidation of fenoterol (Berotec, Partusisten) in isolated rat hepatocytes and enterocytes was investigated. Two different glucuronides, fenoterol para-glucuronide and fenoterol meta-glucuronide, were formed in proportions, that were constant over the concentration range investigated (0-1 mM). The fraction of para-glucuronide formed was 0.