Evaluating the diet in Germany with two indices focusing on healthy eating and planetary healthy eating using nationwide cross-sectional food intake data from DEGS1 (2008-2011).

Purpose: To improve sustainability, adjustments to current diets are necessary. Therefore, limited planetary resources are considered within the healthy reference diet proposed by the EAT-Lancet Commission. The agreement with nationwide food intake was evaluated with two indices which reflect this reference and German food intake recommendations.

Climate protection, health and other motives for active transport - results of a cross-sectional survey in Germany.

Background: Active transport- for example walking and bicycling to travel from place to place- may improve physical fitness and health and mitigate climate change if it replaces motorised transport. The aim of this study is to analyse the active transport behaviour of adults living in Germany, to investigate differences among population groups and to determine whether climate protection is a frequent motive for this behaviour.

Methods: This study uses self-reported data of 4,971 adults who participated in a national health survey (German Health Update 2021), which was conducted as a telephone survey from July to December 2021.

Distribution and determinants of glycosylated hemoglobin in adolescents - Results from a nationwide population-based survey in Germany.

The role of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in youth is largely unclear. The aims of this study are to investigate the distribution and potential determinants of HbA1c among a population-based sample of adolescents. The German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) Wave 2 includes a nationwide representative sample of 0-17-year-old participants.

[Eating Habits with Climate Impact: At Which Meals and How Often Do 6- to 11-year-olds Eat Meat and Meat Products?].

Background: Climate change presents one of the greatest public health challenges. Regarding diet, the production of animal-based foods contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. In Germany, even children often eat more meat and meat products than is recommended for a healthy diet.

Perspectives of individuals on reducing meat consumption to mitigate climate change: protocol for a scoping review.

Introduction: High consumption of red and processed meat increases the risk of several chronic diseases. Many people, especially in high-income countries, eat more meat than recommended by nutritional and health agencies. Meat production also has negative impacts on the environment and contributes to climate change.

The Challenge of Incomplete Data in Accelerometer Studies: Characteristics of Nonparticipation and Noncompliance in a Nationwide Sample of Adolescents and Young Adults in Germany.

Background: Incomplete data due to nonparticipation and noncompliance with the study protocol can bias the results of studies. We investigated how a nationwide accelerometer sample of adolescents and young adults is affected by such incomplete data.

Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data from 6465 participants (11-31 y old) who participated in a national health survey in Germany (KiGGS Wave 2; 2014-2017).

How has body weight changed since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic?

Background: Measures for containing the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 resulted in drastic changes in physical activity and dietary habits that also impacted body weight.

Methods: The representative study German Health Update (GEDA 2021) includes self-reported information about body weight and body height for adults aged 18 years and older (n=2,985) from July to October 2021. In addition, the study asked about changes in body weight since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Towards a harmonized European surveillance for dietary and physical activity indicators in young and adult populations.

Background: The Policy Evaluation Network proposes a consolidated approach to measure comparable health indicators across European health surveillance systems to evaluate effectiveness of policy action.

Methods: In a stepwise approach, questionnaire items used by the systems for measuring diet and physical activity data to describe health indicators were identified based on their validity, reliability, and suitability to monitor achievement of health recommendations. They were collated to unified questionnaire modules and discussed bilaterally with representatives of these systems to explore barriers and facilitators for implementation.

Overweight and obesity among adults in Germany - Results from GEDA 2019/2020-EHIS.

Background: Overweight and obesity and their associated secondary diseases are of high public health relevance.

Methods: Self-reported body weight and body height data are available in the study German Health Update (GEDA 2019/2020-EHIS). The body mass index (BMI, kg/m) was calculated and overweight (including obesity, BMI ≥25 kg/m) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m) were derived.

Health surveillance indicators for diet and physical activity: what is available in European data sets for policy evaluation?

Background: Policies targeting diet and physical activity have the potential to improve health and well-being at a population level. However, the impact of these policies in Europe is currently unknown. Based on existing data, as well as on a needs assessment, we derived a catalogue of indicators that can be employed to evaluate such policies.

Health-promoting behaviour among adults in Germany - Results from GEDA 2019/2020-EHIS.

Health-promoting behaviours are important at any age to prevent diseases and to promote well-being. Using data from GEDA 2019/2020-EHIS, a Germany-wide, representative survey, this article describes how often the adult population in Germany reports certain types of health-promoting behaviour in their everyday lives. The behaviours considered are nonsmoking, low-risk alcohol consumption, achievement of the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommendations on aerobic physical activity, at least daily fruit and vegetable consumption, and maintaining a body weight within the normal range.

[Loss of an eye as a result of an odontogenic infection].

A 50-year-old woman presented at the outpatient clinic of the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery with a severe swelling around the left eye 1 week after removal of the second molar in the upper jaw. Despite administration of antibiotics 2 days after the removal of the molar because of periorbital swelling, the inflammation spread to the intraorbital space with eventual loss of the left eye. Timely recognition of the symptoms of (the onset of) an orbital infection after dental treatment and immediate referral to an oral and maxillofacial surgeon and/or ophthalmologist for adequate treatment can be vision-saving.

[Multidisciplinary treatment of amelogenesis imperfecta].

A healthy 13-year-old patient with amelogenesis imperfecta was referred by her orthodontist to the joint consultation hour (Center for Specialised Dentistry and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery). In addition to her amelogenesis imperfecta, she was diagnosed with a class 2 malocclusion and a mandibular hypoplasia. She was treated successfully through a multidisciplinary approach.

Selection of key indicators for European policy monitoring and surveillance for dietary behaviour, physical activity and sedentary behaviour.

Background: A pan-European approach to evaluate policy impact on health behaviour requires the employment of a consensus set of established and relevant indicators.

Methods: As part of the Joint Programming Initiative on a Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life, the Policy Evaluation Network PEN identified key indicators of health behaviours and their determinants. These key indicators are already, or have the potential to be, adopted by large European Union surveillance systems for the assessment of policy impact.

[Surgical uprighting of partially impacted second molars].

Eruption of mandibular second molars usually occurs around the age of 12. Incomplete eruption of second molars in such young patients can lead to loss of the molars, due to caries, root resorption or periodontal pathology. When a pathology of this kind develops, the treatment option for a mesially impacted molar is often to extract the tooth.

Adherence to food-based dietary guidelines among adolescents in Germany according to socio-economic status and region: results from Eating Study as a KiGGS Module (EsKiMo) II.

Objective: Dietary habits developed during childhood and adolescence are likely to continue into adulthood. An unbalanced diet may cause nutrient deficiencies and excessive energy intake; these enhance the risk for developing overweight and obesity and their co-morbidities. In the present analysis, food consumption of adolescents is described and evaluated against German food-based dietary guidelines with special focus on socio-economic status (SES) and region of residence.

Health-related quality of life in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity: results from the German KIGGS survey.

Background: The well-being of persons with overweight and obesity, in particular of children and adolescents, may be impaired. The present study investigates the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of girls and boys with overweight and obesity living in Germany as compared to those of normal-weight, while taking a selection of relevant determinants of HRQoL into account.

Methods: The sample comprises 1771 children and adolescents aged 11 to 17 years that took part in the cross-sectional German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KIGGS Wave 2, 2014-2017).

Estimates of renal net acid excretion and their relationships with serum uric acid and hyperuricemia in a representative German population sample.

Background/objective: Preliminary interventional data suggest that a reduction of dietary acid load raises renal uric acid excretion and decreases serum uric acid (SUA). In line with this, in a recent cross-sectional analysis of a representative adult population sample, a higher potential renal acid load (PRAL) was found to associate with higher SUA levels. Against this background, we re-examined the relationship of the body's acid load with SUA and hyperuricemia using nutrition-derived estimates of renal net acid excretion (NAE).

Maxillomandibular advancement in edentulous patients as a treatment option for obstructive sleep apnea: report of two cases and a proposed treatment protocol.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disease that often causes debilitating symptoms. In its most severe form, OSA increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. OSA is characterized by repeated episodes of pharyngeal collapse leading to airway obstruction.

A prospective study of soft- and hard-tissue changes after mandibular advancement surgery: Midline changes in the chin area.

Introduction: The purpose of this research was to prospectively determine the ratio of 2 soft-tissue landmarks, pogonion (sPg) and menton (sMe), to their hard-tissue counterparts (Pg and Me) in the sagittal and vertical directions for mandibular lengthening surgeries.

Methods: We drew a sample from the prospective Orthognathic and Orthofacial Surgery Research study, consisting of patients who underwent surgical mandibular lengthening (alone or in combination with maxillary osteotomy) without genioplasty. We digitized landmarks using Facewizz software and determined the relationships between the hard- and soft-tissue changes by correlation analysis.

Domain-specific physical activity patterns and cardiorespiratory fitness among the working population: Findings from the cross-sectional German Health Interview and Examination Survey.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate associations between occupational physical activity patterns (physical work demands linked to job title) and leisure time physical activity (assessed by questionnaire) with cardiorespiratory fitness (assessed by exercise test) among men and women in the German working population.

Design: Population-based cross-sectional study.

Setting: Two-stage cluster-randomised general population sample selected from population registries of 180 nationally distributed sample points.

Time trends of non-alcoholic beverage consumption among adults in Germany, 1990-2011.

Background: In Germany, information on trends in non-alcoholic beverage intake over the last decades is sparse. The aim of this analysis is to examine trends in non-alcoholic beverage consumption among adults living in Germany between 1990 and 2011 with special focus on gender, age and education level.

Methods: We used self-reported food frequency questionnaire information from 25 to 69 year old participants of three German National Health Interview and Examination Surveys conducted in 1990-1992 (n = 7466), 1997-1999 (n = 5825) and 2008-2011 (n = 5375) and focused on consumption frequency of fruit juice, soft drinks, water, tea and coffee.

Energy drink consumption among 12- to 17-year-olds in Germany - Results of EsKiMo II.

Energy drinks are soft drinks that usually contain a large content of caffeine and sugar. Excessive caffeine intake can lead to side effects such as nausea and anxiety. Up to three milligrams of caffeine per kilogram of body weight per day is considered safe for children and young people.