Positive Predictive Value of High-Grade Prostate Imaging and Reporting Data System V2.1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings for Prostate Cancer.

Background: Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among men, second only to lung cancer. Prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) utilizing the Prostate Imaging and Reporting Data System (PI-RADS) v2.1 scoring system effectively stratifies patients by risk and correlates significantly with histopathological outcomes.

Dynamic tracking of native precursors in adult mice.

Hematopoietic dysfunction has been associated with a reduction in the number of active precursors. However, precursor quantification at homeostasis and under diseased conditions is constrained by the scarcity of available methods. To address this issue, we optimized a method for quantifying a wide range of hematopoietic precursors.

Deregulated protein homeostasis constrains fetal hematopoietic stem cell pool expansion in Fanconi anemia.

Demand-adjusted and cell type specific rates of protein synthesis represent an important safeguard for fate and function of long-term hematopoietic stem cells. Here, we identify increased protein synthesis rates in the fetal hematopoietic stem cell pool at the onset of hematopoietic failure in Fanconi Anemia, a prototypical DNA repair disorder that manifests with bone marrow failure. Mechanistically, the accumulation of misfolded proteins in Fancd2 fetal liver hematopoietic stem cells converges on endoplasmic reticulum stress, which in turn constrains midgestational expansion.

The chromosome-scale genome assembly for the West Nile vector Culex quinquefasciatus uncovers patterns of genome evolution in mosquitoes.

Background: Understanding genome organization and evolution is important for species involved in transmission of human diseases, such as mosquitoes. Anophelinae and Culicinae subfamilies of mosquitoes show striking differences in genome sizes, sex chromosome arrangements, behavior, and ability to transmit pathogens. However, the genomic basis of these differences is not fully understood.

Incidence and predictors of antiretroviral treatment failure among children in public health facilities of Kolfe Keranyo Sub-City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Institution-based retrospective cohort study.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a public health concern globally. The number of people living with HIV worldwide in 2018 was estimated at 37.9 million; of those, 1.

Prevalence of asymptomatic malaria and associated factors among pregnant women at Boset District in East Shoa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Malaria infection during pregnancy is a significant public health problem that puts pregnant women at risk. Interruption of transmission of asymptomatic malaria among a population remained a challenge and the host serves as a reservoir for the malaria parasite; and is also recognized as a major barrier to malaria elimination. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria and associated factors among pregnant women in the Boset District, East Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia.

Incidence, survival time and associated factors of virological failure among adult HIV/AIDS patients on first line antiretroviral therapy in St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College-A retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: Human Immune deficiency Virus or Acquired Immune deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a pandemic affecting millions around the world. The 2020 the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS report stated that the estimated number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) is 38 million globally by 2019. Ethiopia is among HIV high burden countries in Africa.

Reduction in Doses to Organs at Risk and Normal Tissue During Breast Radiation Therapy With a Carbon-Fiber Adjustable Reusable Accessory.

Purpose: This pilot study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04543851) investigates a novel breast positioning device using a low density, high tensile carbon-fiber cradle to support the breast, remove the inframammary fold, and reduce dose to organs at risk for whole breast radiation therapy in the supine position.

Methods And Materials: Thirty patients with inframammary folds ≥1 cm or lateral ptosis in supine treatment position were planned with standard positioning and with a carbon-fiber Adjustable Reusable Accessory (CARA) breast support.

Evaluation of diagnostic performance of non-invasive HIV self-testing kit using oral fluid in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A facility-based cross-sectional study.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing is critical for early linkage to treatment and care services. However, there is a substantial gap in HIV testing, particularly in resource limited settings due to low accessibility of HIV testing sites, inconvenient testing hours, and concerns about loss of confidentiality. Thus, adopting new strategies such as HIV self-testing (HIVST) could overcome these barriers and increases HIV testing uptake.

THE TREND OF HIV/AIDS RELATED MORTALITY AMONG PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA: USING A VERBAL AUTOPSY METHOD.

Background: It is widely argued that school teachers in sub-Saharan Africa are being affected and will continue to be affected by the AIDS epidemic. Teachers are considered as a high-risk group with respect to HIV/AIDS, particularly in high prevalence countries, where the epidemic has devastating impact on the teaching profession

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the trends of mortality among primary and secondary school teachers in Addis Ababa during this era of HIV/AIDS.

Methods: Data on teachers who died from November 2005 to October 2012 retrospectively and a longitudinal data for the new deaths during the year followed prospectively (November 2012 to October 2013) were included in the trend analysis.

Effects of peer education intervention on HIV/AIDS related sexual behaviors of secondary school students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a quasi-experimental study.

Background: Worldwide, about 50% of all new cases of HIV occur in youth between age 15 and 24 years. Studies in various sub-Saharan African countries show that both out of school and in school adolescents and youth are engaged in risky sexual behaviors. School-based health education has been a cornerstone of youth-focused HIV prevention efforts since the early 1990s.

Factors associated with HIV counseling and testing and correlations with sexual behavior of teachers in primary and secondary schools in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: The HIV/AIDS pandemic is a global crisis that affects the lives of millions of people. Although HIV counseling and testing (HCT) serves as the entry point for HIV prevention, treatment, and care, it remains a low priority in many settings. The aim of this study, therefore, was to assess the factors associated with HCT and their correlation with the sexual behavior of primary and secondary school teachers in Addis Ababa.

Prevalence of "HIV/AIDS related" parental death and its association with sexual behavior of secondary school youth in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross sectional study.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus infection is a global crisis that represents a serious health threat, particularly among younger people. Various studies show that both orphan and non-orphan adolescents and youths experience vulnerability to HIV. Nevertheless, the findings hitherto are mixed and inconclusive.

Ventilatory chemosensitivity in the chick embryo.

In the externally pipped chicken embryo, oxygen consumption through the chorioallantoic membrane (VO2CAM) ranged between 2 and 55% (mean approximately 24%) of that through the lungs (VO2lung). Hypercapnia (5'-10' of 2, 5, or 8% CO2) or mild hypoxia (15% O2) had minor effects on VO2, whereas moderate or severe hypoxia (10-5% O2) caused large drops of VO2. Hypoxia or hypercapnia delivered through the lungs increased pulmonary ventilation (VE), largely through increases in tidal volume (VT).

Cross-reactivity between the major Parietaria allergen and rotavirus VP4 protein.

Background: The present study investigates immunological cross-reactivity between Par o 1, the major pollen allergen of Parietaria, and the VP4 protein of rotavirus, a microorganism that is world-wide the main etiological agent of gastroenteritis in children.

Methods: IgG and IgE cross-reactivity was assessed by direct binding and competitive inhibition assays (ELISA and DARIA), using recombinant VP4 from rhesus infectious rotavirus (RR), synthetic peptides and Par o 1-specific antibodies affinity purified from pooled and individual human sera.

Results: Antibodies specifically binding Par o 1, affinity purified from the sera of 35 individuals with skin test positivity to Parietaria and from 14 pools, were extensively cross-reactive with RRVP4.

Effects of posture on the respiratory mechanics of the chick embryo.

In the chicken embryo, pulmonary ventilation and pulmonary gas exchange begin approximately one day before the completion of hatching. We asked to what extent the posture inside the egg, and the presence of the eggshell and membranes, may alter the mechanical behaviour of the respiratory system. The passive mechanical properties of the respiratory system were studied in chicken embryos during the internal pipping phase (rupture of the air cell) or the external pipping phase (hole in the eggshell).

Metabolic control of pulmonary ventilation in the developing chick embryo.

In birds, during the period from the breaking of the air cell by the beak (internal pipping) to hatching, pulmonary ventilation (VE) begins and gas exchange is jointly provided by the lungs and the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). We asked to what extent, during this phase of two concurrent gas exchange organs, changes in the embryo's metabolic needs were accompanied by changes in VE. The carbon dioxide and oxygen exchange rates (VCO2, VO2) through lungs and CAM were separately, but simultaneously, measured in chicken embryos at 20-21 days of incubation, while VE was calculated from the measurements of pressure oscillations in the air cell during breathing.

HLA-DRB1* and allergy to Parietaria: linkage and association analyses.

In this study, we used the affected sibling-pairs approach to investigate the linkage of HLA (human leukocyte antigen)-DRB* with phenotypes related to allergy to Parietaria, the most common pollinosis in Mediterranean countries. The study population consisted of 51 nuclear families (235 subjects). Linkage was detected with Parietaria skin test positivity (p < (0.

Characterization of a dodecapeptide containing a dominant epitope of Par j 1 and Par o 1, the major allergens of P. judaica and P. officinalis pollen.

The pollen of Parietaria, a weed of the Urticaceae family, is a major cause of respiratory allergy in Europe, where the most common species are P. judaica and P. officinalis.

Association of responsiveness to the major pollen allergen of Parietaria officinalis with HLA-DRB1* alleles: a multicenter study.

Parietaria, a plant belonging to the family of Urticaceae, is a major source of allergenic pollen in Europe. In the context of a multinational study, we investigated whether in allergic subjects antibody response towards Par o 1, the major allergen from P. officinalis, was associated with defined HLA-DRB1* alleles.

Characterization of a dominant antigenic determinant of Par o I encoded by recombinant DNA.

Background: The pollens from Parietaria judaica and Parietaria officinalis are a major cause of pollinosis in Europe. Par o I (13.5 kDa) and Par j I (12 kDa), the major allergens from these species, are highly crossreactive.

Adrenergic receptor systems and unscheduled DNA synthesis in the rat brain.

Two experiments were carried out in the albino rat to investigate the role of brain adrenergic systems in DNA remodeling. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were given an intraventricular microinjection of an adrenergic drug or vehicle followed 2 h later by the intraventricular injection of 50 microCi of [3H-methyl]thymidine. The rats were sacrificed 0.