Monthly correlates of longitudinal child mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic according to children and caregivers.

Multiple reviews identify the broad, pervasive initial impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of children, who may be particularly vulnerable to long-term psychiatric sequelae of the ongoing pandemic. However, limited longitudinal research examines persistence of, or change in, children's distress or psychiatric symptomatology. From June 2020 through December 2021, we enrolled two cohorts of families of children aged 8-13 from Southwestern Ontario into a staggered baseline, longitudinal design that leveraged multi-informant report (N = 317 families).

Children's Mental Health in Southwestern Ontario during Summer 2020 of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective: COVID-19 presents an unprecedented global crisis. Research is critically needed to identify the impact of the pandemic on children's mental health including psychosocial factors that predict resilience, recovery, and persistent distress. The present study collected data in June-July 2020 to describe children's mental health during the initial phase of the pandemic, including the magnitude and nature of psychiatric and psychological distress in children, and to evaluate social support as a putative psychosocial moderator of children's increased distress.

Disordered eating and barriers to help-seeking: a brief report.

This study explored associations between disordered eating, barriers, and attitudes towards help-seeking. A total of 198 young women completed online questionnaires assessing eating pathology, attitudes towards seeking professional psychological help, and barriers to seeking help. Higher levels of self-reported eating pathology were associated with more positive attitudes toward seeking professional help and with greater perceptions of barriers to help-seeking.

Perceptions of disordered eating and associated help seeking in young women.

Disordered eating is common among young women, but rates of help-seeking are remarkably low. Studies attempting to understand how disordered eating is perceived by young women have exposed participants to fictional vignettes that describe characters exhibiting eating pathologies, and assessed beliefs about the women's issues. These studies have informed our understanding of how young women perceive disordered eating in other women, but do not address the question of how disordered eating is perceived in oneself.

A qualitative analysis of aspects of treatment that adolescents with anorexia identify as helpful.

This study aimed to identify aspects of treatment that adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) believe are helpful or unhelpful. Adolescent females receiving treatment for AN or subthreshold AN (n=21) were prompted during semi-structured interviews to generate responses to open-ended questions on what they felt would be most helpful or unhelpful in treating adolescents with eating disorders. Eight codes were developed and the two most frequently endorsed categories were (1) Alliance, where the therapist demonstrates clinical expertise and also expresses interest in the patient (n=21, 100.

Psychological Functioning, Post-Traumatic Growth, and Coping in Parents and Siblings of Adolescent Cancer Survivors.

Purpose/objectives: To examine psychological functioning, post-traumatic growth (PTG), coping, and cancer-related characteristics of adolescent cancer survivors' parents and siblings.
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Design: Descriptive, correlational.

Therapeutic engagement: Perspectives from adolescents with eating disorders.

This study aimed to identify factors that adolescents with eating disorders (ED) consider important for therapeutic engagement, and to examine similarities and differences in the number of identified factors considered important for therapeutic engagement based on diagnostic status and readiness and motivation to change dietary restriction behaviors. Treatment seeking adolescent females (n=34, Mage=16.33, SD=1.

Body-related social comparison and disordered eating among adolescent females with an eating disorder, depressive disorder, and healthy controls.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between body-related social comparison (BRSC) and eating disorders (EDs) by: (a) comparing the degree of BRSC in adolescents with an ED, depressive disorder (DD), and no psychiatric history; and (b) investigating whether BRSC is associated with ED symptoms after controlling for symptoms of depression and self-esteem. Participants were 75 girls, aged 12-18 (25 per diagnostic group). To assess BRSC, participants reported on a 5-point Likert scale how often they compare their body to others'.

Posttraumatic growth, coping strategies, and psychological distress in adolescent survivors of cancer.

Only recently have researchers begun to empirically examine positive outcomes such as posttraumatic growth in adolescent cancer. This article examines associations between posttraumatic growth, coping strategies, and psychological distress in adolescent cancer survivors. Adolescents who finished cancer treatment 2 to 10 years prior (N = 31) completed self-report measures of posttraumatic growth, coping, symptomatology, and disease-related characteristics.

Mid-infrared w quantum-well lasers for noncryogenic continuous-wave operation.

We review the recent progress of electrically injected and optically pumped mid-IR lasers based on antimonide quantum wells with the type II W configuration. W quantum-well diodes have achieved cw operation up to 195 K at lambda = 3.25 mum.

Assessing readiness for change in adolescents with eating disorders.

The Readiness and Motivation Interview (RMI) is a semistructured interview measure of readiness and motivation to change that can be used for all eating disorder diagnoses. The RMI has demonstrated excellent psychometric properties and has both clinical and predictive utility in adult samples. This study examined the psychometric properties of the RMI in a younger population, namely, 12- to 18-year-old girls with eating disorders.

Working with parents of aggressive preschoolers: an integrative approach to treatment.

In this article, we briefly review contributory factors within the child, parent-child interaction, and parents that have been put forward to explain the causes of aggressive problems in children. We then review various treatment approaches that have been used with this population and identify which component--the child, parent, or interaction--is targeted in each approach. A case example is provided to illustrate our perspective on treatment.

The interface between ADHD and language impairment: an examination of language, achievement, and cognitive processing.

Language impairments are commonly observed among children referred for psychiatric services. The most frequent psychiatric diagnosis of children with language impairment (LI) is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). It is not clear whether there are differences between children with ADHD and comorbid LI and children with other psychiatric disorders who are also comorbid for LI.

Language, social cognitive processing, and behavioral characteristics of psychiatrically disturbed children with previously identified and unsuspected language impairments.

This study examined characteristics of social cognitive processing, psychiatric disorder, and behavioral ratings of 380 children aged 7 to 14 years who had been referred consecutively for child psychiatric services with identified and unsuspected language impairments and with normally developing language. The results indicated that children with language impairments generally exhibited greater deficits in social cognitive processing, and particularly emotion decoding and social problem solving, than children who have language that is developing normally. Differences in psychiatric diagnosis and behavior problems were observed only between children with previously identified language impairments and children with normally developing language; children with previously identified language impairments were more likely to be diagnosed as having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and to be rated by both parents and teachers as having more severe attentional problems.

Child and parent reports of childhood anxiety: differences in coping styles.

This study compares children anxious only on parent report (PR) with those anxious on self-report (SR) and self- and parent report (SPR) to examine the reasons for the reporting differences. Sixty-five children aged 7-12 years who met criteria for one or more Axis I anxiety disorders (25% with comorbid nonanxiety diagnoses) completed standardized measures of anxiety, depression, and coping style. Parents completed measures of child psychopathology and adult coping style.

Design of an open path near-infrared diode laser sensor: application to oxygen, water, and carbon dioxide vapor detection.

An open path diode laser sensor was constructed with near-infrared diode lasers and two-tone frequency-modulation spectroscopy. The sensor incorporates several novel features (such as digital signal-processing algorithms, a computerized line-locking routine, and discontinuous wavelength scanning) that are important in a field instrument. The sensor was used to monitor oxygen, water, and carbon dioxide in the near-infrared spectral range.

Measurement of (12)CO(2):(13)CO(2) ratios for medical diagnostics with 1.6-µm distributed-feedback semiconductor diode lasers.

We have observed some of the absorption lines from the molecules (12)CO(2) and (13)CO(2)in the 1.6-µm spectral region with the use of specially fabricated single-mode InGaAsP distributed-feedback semiconductor diode lasers. Using a 23.

Lateral versus frontal ERP predictors of reading skill.

Neuropsychological factors that could account for good versus poor reading skills include hemispheric asymmetry for language, signal processing efficiency, hemisphericity, and frontally based control of attention. Using event-related potential (ERP) measures of these constructs, we find that only hemisphericity accounts for individual differences in reading skill among our 15-year-old good readers, while the frontally generated Contingent Negative Variation attentional ERP accounts for reading skill differences among the poor readers. While good readers show expected hemispheric ERP asymmetries and poor readers do not, this group difference does not account for the variation in reading skill.

Routine detection of IgG oligoclonal bands and free light chains patterns by means of agarose isoelectric focusing and avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex staining in multiple sclerosis unconcentrated cerebrospinal fluid.

We demonstrate the possibility of a complete routine study on unconcentrated CSF from patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) using agarose isoelectric focusing (AIEF) followed by avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex staining to detect IgG oligoclonal bands (OB) and free light chains (FLC). The oligoclonal IgG patterns were demonstrated by loading the gel with only 225 ng of IgG. All the specimens were then diluted to a final concentration of 15 ng/L.

Free light chains in the CSF in multiple sclerosis.

The presence of free light chains (FLC) was investigated in 32 patients with clinically definite or laboratory supported definite multiple sclerosis (MS), 2 patients with neurosyphilis and 10 normal controls. The detection of FLC in unconcentrated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was performed by means of agarose isoelectric focusing, followed by transfer of proteins to nitrocellulose membranes, double immunofixation, avidin-biotin amplification and peroxidase staining. Bands due to FLC were clearly demonstrated in the CSF of 28 MS patients; 3 of them showed only kappa FLC, 10 only lambda FLC, while 15 had both kappa and lambda FLC.

In vivo and in vitro variations of human erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity as result of cells ageing, selenium availability and peroxide activation.

Cases showing erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) defects have been previously described. Our experiments demonstrate that a number of non genetic factors may influence the GSH-Px activity in human erythrocytes. Selenium administration in vivo was followed in four subjects by elevation in erythrocyte GSH-Px activity ranging from 30% to 1400%.