[The place of therapeutic education in the care of an HIV-positive patient].

Since the advent of triple therapy, HIV has become a chronic disease. Therapeutic patient education (TPE) seems to have a place in this accompaniment, which has sometimes lasted several decades. The role of a nurse in TPE is still essential for the accompaniment of an HIV positive patient.

[Care and information for an HIV-positive patient].

Since the year 2000, AIDS has become a chronic disease that can be treated and monitored. The two specific and necessary parameters for monitoring patients are the CD4 lymphocyte rate, which indicates the state of the immune system, and the viral load, which makes it possible to monitor the effectiveness of the antiretroviral treatments prescribed; in addition, blood antiretroviral drugs can be measured in certain cases. Today, it is clear that a patient who is effectively treated with an undetectable viral load is no longer a contaminant and that he or she will live with the disease, while facing the health issues common to everyone: emotional life, aging, other pathologies.

Structural and ultrastructural analysis of gills and gut of Hexagenia rigida nymphs (ephemeroptera) in relation to contamination mechanisms.

In the context of an experimental approach to organic and inorganic mercury bio-accumulation by burrowing mayfly nymphs-Hexagenia rigida-, gills and different parts of the gut were investigated by light and electron microscopes. In the gut, two regions were studied: (1) mesenteron (midgut) characterized by cells with microvilli and a peritrophic membrane throughout this part, a lot of fungal hyphae being found on it; (2) proctodeum (hindgut) characterized by macrovilli, the apical face of cells being covered by a thick layer of chitin; many bacteria were observed at the bottom of macrovilli. The stomodeum (foregut) is extremely short.

Eccentric localization of von Willebrand factor in an internal structure of platelet alpha-granule resembling that of Weibel-Palade bodies.

Immunogold staining was used to study the ultrastructural distribution of von Willebrand factor (vWF) in unstimulated platelets. vWF was detected in the alpha-granules with a specific eccentric distribution pattern opposite the nucleoids. Similar findings were obtained with a polyclonal antibody or a pool of monoclonal antibodies to human vWF.

[Effect of flurbiprofen and acetylsalicylic acid on the ultrastructure of blood platelets].

Flurbiprofene or acetylsalicylic acid did not change the structure of inactivated platelets. With flurbiprofene 50% aggregation inhibition was obtained at 10(-6) to 10(-5) M concentrations. To obtain the same result with acetylsalicylic acid, 10(-4) to 10(-3) M concentrations were necessary.

Ultrastructure of a model of thrombogenesis induced by mechanical injury.

Injured cortical arteries were observed by electron microscopy. Haemostasis was brought about by both platelets and fibrin, but the intravascular thrombus contained only platelets. Some platelets adhered to the exposed subendothelium but did not form a continuous layer.

[Ultrastructural study on the effect of an inhibitor of platelet aggregation (author's transl)].

10-Methoxy-1,6-dimethyl-ergoline-8 beta-methanol-(5-bromonicotinate) (nicergoline, Sermion) is introduced into human platelet-rich plasma at different stages of collagen-, ADP- or epinephrine-induced aggregation. Ultrastructural fixation is processed while aggregation on the same plasma sample is recorded. If introduced before the aggregating agent, nicergoline completely neutralises its action and the platelets become spherical.

[Platelet volume in essential thrombopenia].

The electronic method for measuring platelet volume using the Coulter Z BI Counter coupled with a Channelyser C 1000 has been standardized. The distribution of platelet volumes was studied in 28 cases of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and in 59 cases of thrombocytopenia attributed to a failure of platelet production. Results showed that the volumetric distribution curve of platelet rich plasma (PRP) was altered in 40 cases, by the presence of small particles interfering with platelets of small volume and/or by residual red cells modifying its terminal segment.

[Ultrastructural study of 11 cases of obstructive myocardiography of the left ventricle].

A fragment of septum was removed for biopsy in 11 patients with obstructive cardiomyopathy who were undergoing surgery. Electron microscopi revealed an increase in the numbers of mitochondria, deposits of glycogen, and deforming fibrosis. As far as the components of muscle fibres are concerned, both lysis and synthesis of neosarcomeres are to be found, together with abnormalities of the Z band and disorientation of the myofibrils.

[Megakaryocytes and platelets in congenital thrombopathies].

Different HT have been studied with the electron microscope and the findings compared to those in the literature. Five patients with thrombasthenia and three with Willebrand's diseases showed various disorders, usually anisocytosis and hypertrophic open canalicular system, in relation to regenerative states. Thirteen young children with 21-trisomy (2 with leukemia) and 13/15 trisomy (1 case) had enlarged platelets with abnormalities of membranes and vacuoles indicating some metabolic disorders and necrotic lesions.

[Ultrastructure of the blood platelets in the newborn infant and in the young mongolian child. Study of 13 cases].

Blood platelets from infant and new born mongolians were examined and compared taking into consideration existing or non existing haematologic anomalies, such as transitory leucoblastosis with or without hyperthrombocytosis and acute leucosis without thrombopenia. These abnormalities were correlated with the analysis of control samples from haematologically normal new-born and premature children as well as samples from adult mongolian, patients with other chromosomal alterations (13-15, phi) and new-born or adults with thrombocytosis. The presence of dysmorphic platelets could be observed in variable degrees and numbers in all the mongolian samples.