Bacteremic nosocomial pneumonia caused by Gram-negative bacilli: results from the nationwide ALARICO study in Italy.

Purpose: To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with nosocomial pneumonia (NP) caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (CR-GNB) and to compare them to patients with NP caused by carbapenem-susceptible (CS)-GNB.

Methods: Prospective observational multicenter study including patients with bacteremic NP caused by GNB from the ALARICO Network (June 2018-January 2020). The primary outcome measure was 30-day mortality.

Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and risk of anxiety and depression in people with obesity: a cross-sectional analysis.

Background/objectives: Anxiety and depression are common mental disorders worldwide, in particular in people with obesity. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet has been found beneficial for the prevention of anxiety and depression in the general population. We aimed to evaluate this association in a large cohort of people with obesity.

Predicting non-responders to lifestyle intervention in prediabetes: a machine learning approach.

Background: The clinical care process for people with prediabetes starts with lifestyle intervention, often escalating to more intense treatment due to the low success rate of the first-line intervention. Clinicians lack clear guidelines on which patients would benefit from early treatment with more intensive therapeutic options, so we aimed to develop an algorithm to early identify non-responders to lifestyle intervention for prediabetes.

Method: Several statistical and machine learning algorithms were screened with internal cross-validation on the basis of accuracy and discrimination ability to correctly classify patients that would fail to normalize fasting glycemia within one year of being prescribed a lifestyle intervention, solely based on the first examination measurements.

Deciphering the Efficacy of β-Lactams in the Face of Metallo-β-Lactamase-Derived Resistance in Enterobacterales: Supraphysiologic Zinc in the Broth Is the Culprit.

Background: discordance in β-lactams' activities against metallo-ß-lactamase (MBL)-producing Enterobacterales has been described. We aimed to assess whether this discordance is attributed to the supra-physiologic zinc concentration in testing media.

Methods: A clinical and microbiological observational study of patients with bloodstream infections due to New Delhi metallo-ß-lactamase-producing was performed.

Association between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and the incidence of peptic ulcer disease in the SUN project: a Spanish prospective cohort study.

Purpose: Consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) has increased despite potential adverse health effects. Recent studies showed an association between UPF consumption and some gastrointestinal disorders. We evaluated the association between UPF consumption and peptic ulcer disease (PUD) in a large Spanish cohort.

Rapid generation of human recombinant monoclonal antibodies from antibody-secreting cells using ferrofluid-based technology.

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are one of the most important classes of biologics with high therapeutic and diagnostic value, but traditional methods for mAbs generation, such as hybridoma screening and phage display, have limitations, including low efficiency and loss of natural chain pairing. To overcome these challenges, novel single B cell antibody technologies have emerged, but they also have limitations such as differentiation of memory B cells and expensive cell sorters. In this study, we present a rapid and efficient workflow for obtaining human recombinant monoclonal antibodies directly from single antigen-specific antibody secreting cells (ASCs) in the peripheral blood of convalescent COVID-19 patients using ferrofluid technology.

The Potential Role of Hypothalamic Phospholipid Liposomes in the Supportive Therapy of Some Manifestations of Post-COVID-19 Condition: Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) and Brain Fog.

Post-COVID-19 condition (commonly known as Long COVID) is a heterogeneous clinical condition in which Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) and brain fog stand out among the different clinical symptoms and syndromes. Cerebral metabolic alterations and neuroendocrine disorders seem to constitute an important part of the pathophysiology of Post-COVID-19 condition (PCC). Given the substantial lack of specific drugs and effective therapeutic strategies, hypothalamic phospholipid liposomes, which have been on the market for several years as adjuvant therapy for cerebral metabolic alterations resulting from neuroendocrine disorders, might represent a potential option in an overall therapeutic strategy that aims to control PCC-associated symptoms and syndromes.

The Effect of the Mediterranean Diet on Metabolic Health.

The Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) is one of the healthiest and most balanced dietary patterns worldwide [...

Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods and Health Harm.

In recent decades, research has become increasingly interested in the relationship between diet and health [...

Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Incidence of Obesity and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adults: A Systematic Review of Prospective Studies.

Ultra-processed foods (UPF) are energy-dense, nutritionally unbalanced products, low in fiber but high in saturated fat, salt, and sugar. Recently, UPF consumption has increased likewise the incidence of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases. To highlight a possible relationship, we conducted a systematic review of prospective studies from PubMed and Web of Science investigating the association between UPF consumption and the incidence of obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors.

Risk factors and outcomes of fungal superinfections in patients with severe COVID-19: an observational study from Pisa academic hospital.

Background: Superinfections acquired during the hospital course represent common complications in COVID-19 patients. Several studies reported an increasing incidence of COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) and candidaemia. The aim of this study is to describe fungal superinfections in a large cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and identify factors independently associated with the risk of fungal superinfections.

JMJD6 Shapes a Pro-tumor Microenvironment via ANXA1-Dependent Macrophage Polarization in Breast Cancer.

Unlabelled: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women worldwide, with the luminal subtype being the most widespread. Although characterized by better prognosis compared with other subtypes, luminal breast cancer is still considered a threatening disease due to therapy resistance, which occurs via both cell- and non-cell-autonomous mechanisms. Jumonji domain-containing 6, arginine demethylase and lysine hydroxylase (JMJD6) is endowed with a negative prognostic value in luminal breast cancer and, via its epigenetic activity, it is known to regulate many intrinsic cancer cell pathways.

Mortality Attributable to Bloodstream Infections Caused by Different Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli: Results From a Nationwide Study in Italy (ALARICO Network).

Background: Our aim was to analyze mortality attributable to carbapenem-resistant (CR) gram-negative bacilli (GNB) in patients with bloodstream infections (BSIs).

Methods: Prospective multicentric study including patients with GNB-BSI from 19 Italian hospitals (June 2018-January 2020). Patients were followed-up to 30 days.

The Use and Effectiveness of Ceftazidime-Avibactam in Real-World Clinical Practice: EZTEAM Study.

Introduction: Ceftazidime-avibactam has proven activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in clinical trials and real-world studies. This study was conducted to describe the patterns of use of ceftazidime-avibactam (including indications and associated antibiotics), and the effectiveness and safety of ceftazidime-avibactam in real-world clinical practice.

Methods: This non-interventional medical chart review study was conducted in 11 countries across the European and Latin American (LATAM) regions.

Efficacy and Safety of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir, Molnupiravir, and Remdesivir in a Real-World Cohort of Outpatients with COVID-19 at High Risk of Progression: The PISA Outpatient Clinic Experience.

Introduction: Different antivirals are available for the treatment of outpatients with COVID-19. Our aim was to describe a real-world experience of outpatient management of COVID-19 subjects at high risk of progression.

Methods: This prospective observational study conducted in the University Hospital of Pisa (January 2022-July 2022) included consecutive COVID-19 outpatients with at least one risk factor for disease progression.

Fidaxomicin for the Treatment of Infection in Adult Patients: An Update on Results from Randomized Controlled Trials.

In recently updated international guidelines, fidaxomicin is preferentially recommended as first-line treatment over vancomycin both for the first episode of CDI and for rCDI, based on the results of different randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Although noninferiority was the rule in phase-3 RCTs with regard to the primary endpoint of clinical cure, for shaping these recommendations, particular attention was devoted to the improved global cure and reduced risk of recurrent CDI (rCDI) observed with fidaxomicin compared to vancomycin in RCTs. Overall, while the major driver of choice should remain the global benefit for the patient, consideration of available resources should be necessarily weighed in the balance, since fidaxomicin still remains more costly than vancomycin.

Predictors and outcomes of respiratory bacterial coinfections in patients with COVID-19 admitted to hospital: An observational prospective study.

No abstract available.

Superinfections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a multicentre observational study from Italy (CREVID Study).

Objectives: To describe clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients who developed secondary infections due to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE).

Methods: Retrospective observational study including COVID-19 patients admitted to 12 Italian hospitals from March to December 2020 who developed a superinfection by CRE. Superinfection was defined as the occurrence of documented bacterial infection >48 h from admission.

Diagnosis and management of infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria: guideline endorsed by the Italian Society of Infection and Tropical Diseases (SIMIT), the Italian Society of Anti-Infective Therapy (SITA), the Italian Group for Antimicrobial Stewardship (GISA), the Italian Association of Clinical Microbiologists (AMCLI) and the Italian Society of Microbiology (SIM).

Management of patients with infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms is challenging and requires a multidisciplinary approach to achieve successful clinical outcomes. The aim of this paper is to provide recommendations for the diagnosis and optimal management of these infections, with a focus on targeted antibiotic therapy. The document was produced by a panel of experts nominated by the five endorsing Italian societies, namely the Italian Association of Clinical Microbiologists (AMCLI), the Italian Group for Antimicrobial Stewardship (GISA), the Italian Society of Microbiology (SIM), the Italian Society of Infectious and Tropical Diseases (SIMIT) and the Italian Society of Anti-Infective Therapy (SITA).

Recrudescence of malaria 5 years after treatment in an HIV migrant: a case report with a peculiar presentation.

In the last two decades, several cases of delayed-onset malaria in migrants from endemic areas were reported. The decrease of acquired immunity over time, often enhanced by immune suppression, represents a possible underlying mechanism for recrudescence. Here we describe a case of malaria occurring five years after exposure in a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus, originating from Ivory Coast.

Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension Is Associated with High Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with HIV.

Background and Aim: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) at rest can be preceded by the onset of exercise-induced PH (ExPH). We investigated its association with the cardiovascular (CV) risk score in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Methods: In 46 consecutive patients with HIV with low (n = 43) or intermediate (n = 3) probability of resting PH, we evaluated the CV risk score based on prognostic determinants of CV risk.

Cefiderocol- Compared to Colistin-Based Regimens for the Treatment of Severe Infections Caused by Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.

Cefiderocol may represent a therapeutic option for carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) infections, but clinical data are limited. This is an observational retrospective study conducted in the University Hospital of Pisa including consecutive patients with CRAB infections (January 2020 to August 2021). Patients were divided in two study groups according to the antibiotic treatment received: cefiderocol- and colistin-containing regimens.

Assessment of automated high-throughput serological assays for prediction of high-titer SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody.

COVID19 convalescent patient plasma units with high titer neutralizing antibody can be used to treat patients with severe disease. Therefore, in order to select suitable donors, neutralizing antibody titer against SARS CoV-2 needs to be determined. Because the neutralization assay is highly demanding from several points of view, a pre-selection of sera would be desirable to minimize the number of sera to be tested.

Early Use of Remdesivir and Risk of Disease Progression in Hospitalized Patients With Mild to Moderate COVID-19.

Purpose: Preliminary data suggest that remdesivir may influence the course of COVID-19 according to the duration of pre-admission symptoms. We aim to evaluate whether early use of remdesivir is associated with a reduced COVID-19 progression in a homogeneous cohort of patients with mild to moderate COVID-19.

Methods: This prospective, observational study included patients with COVID-19 pneumonia treated with remdesivir at the University Hospital of Pisa (Italy) from September 2020 to January 2021.