Correcting facial asymmetry through guided plate assisted mandibular angle osteotomy.

Background: Asian women prefer a smooth and narrowed mandibular appearance. The purpose of the retrospective cohort study is to evaluate guide plate-assisted mandibular angle ostectomy (MAO) in improving mandibular symmetry for Asian female patients with mandibular angle hypertrophy (MAH) with normal occlusal relationship.

Methods: We retrospectively examined 11 patients with asymmetry MAH with normal occlusal relationship who received MAO at Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital between September, 2020, and January, 2022.

Three-Dimensional Anthropometric Facial Analysis and Fitting Discrepancies Between Stereophotogrammetry and CT.

Background: The reliability and repeatability of stereophotogrammetry and CT in 3-dimensional anthropometric facial analysis were investigated in this study, which also explored the clinical application of supine CT.

Method: In this study, 3D CT and 3dMD stereophotogrammetry were used on 20 healthy volunteers. The fitting distance between stereophotogrammetry and CT scans at landmark points was measured, along with facial feature measurements (Al-Al) face width (Go-Go, Zy-Zy, Ex-Ex), and hemi-face height (Sn-Gn).

Th-Cell Subsets of Submandibular Lymph Nodes in Peri-Implantitis.

Background: Implant surgery is a popular operation in craniomaxillofacial surgery, but the occurrence of peri-implantitis affects the success and survival rate of the implant. Research has found that Th-cell-related cytokines are associated with peri-implantitis. However, the distribution and proportions of Th-cell subsets in submandibular lymph nodes' immune environments during the progression of peri-implantitis remain unclear.

Applying artificial intelligence algorithm in the design of a guide plate for mandibular angle ostectomy.

Purpose: Surgical guide plates can improve the accuracy of surgery, although their design process is complex and time-consuming. This study aimed to use artificial intelligence (AI) to design standardized mandibular angle ostectomy guide plates and reduce clinician workload.

Methods: An intelligence algorithm was designed and trained to design guide plates, with a safety-ensuring penalty factor added.

Analysis of influence of surgical instruments on accuracy of magnetic navigation system for craniofacial surgery robots.

In craniofacial surgery, magnetic navigation systems can effectively extend the doctor's limited visual range, improve their surgical precision, shorten the operation time, and reduce the incidence of surgical complications. Owing to the ease of magnetic navigation, the accuracy of the magnetic navigation system is affected by various equipment in the operating room. Therefore, its large-scale application is lacking because the navigation accuracy requirement can be extremely high during craniofacial surgery.

The Feasibility of Electromagnetic Navigation Technique to Achieve Preoperative Plan in Mandibular Angle Osteotomy.

Background: In contrast to the most commonly used optical navigation system, electromagnetic navigation has huge potential in operations with a narrow field. The purpose of this experiment was to test and confirm whether the electromagnetic navigation method the authors developed for mandibular angle osteotomy (MAO) met clinical requirements.

Methods: Using a dental splint that could be repeatedly mounted on teeth, registration between surgical plan and actual field was performed automatically.

Advances in Robot-Assisted Surgery for Facial Bone Contouring Surgery.

Since our team reported the application of robot-assisted surgery in facial contouring surgery in 2020, further clinical trials with large samples have been conducted. This paper will report the interim results of a single-center, large-sample randomized controlled trial of the first robot developed by our team for facial contouring surgery. Meanwhile, this research field will be systematically reviewed and prospected.

Three-dimensional Printing Technologies in Craniofacial Plastic Surgery: An Institutional Experience.

Rapid developments in 3-dimensional(3D) printing technologies in craniofacial plastic surgery have provided a new treatment modality for patients. In this article, we intend to share our institution's experience using 3D printing in 3 modes-namely, 3-dimensional printing for manufacturing contour models, guides, and implants. Fifty-nine patients were enrolled in our study between September 2009 and September 2021.

Preliminary Application Research of 3D Bioprinting in Craniofacial Reconstruction.

Introduction: In recent years, 3-dimensional (3D) printing has been widely used in regenerative medicine research and other fields because of its ability to customize macroscopic morphology and precisely control microstructure. Polymer scaffolds are 1 of the commonly used 3D bioprinting materials for defect repair and have recently been a research focus. Our article explored the bone-formation accelerating effect of 3D-printed porous scaffold Poly(glycerol sebacate) [PGS] in the critical bone defect of an enhancing rabbit mandibular model.

Radiomics and Artificial Intelligence Study of Masseter Muscle Segmentation in Patients With Hemifacial Microsomia.

Background: Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is one of the most common congenital craniofacial condition often accompanied by masseter muscle involvement. U-Net neural convolution network for masseter segmentation is expected to achieve an efficient evaluation of masseter muscle.

Methods: A database was established with 108 patients with HFM from June 2012 to June 2019 in our center.

Preliminary study of the accuracy and safety of robot-assisted mandibular distraction osteogenesis with electromagnetic navigation in hemifacial microsomia using rabbit models.

This study aimed to investigate the accuracy and safety of mandibular osteotomy and distraction device positioning in distraction osteogenesis assisted by an electromagnetic navigation surgical robot. Twelve New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups after computed tomography. The control group underwent a procedure based on the preoperative three-dimensional design and clinical experience.

Feasibility of a Robot-Assisted Surgical Navigation System for Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis in Hemifacial Microsomia: A Model Experiment.

This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and accuracy of osteotomy and distractor placement using a robotic navigation system in a model surgical experiment of mandibular distraction osteogenesis for hemifacial microsomia. Imaging data from 5 patients with Pruzansky-Kaban type II (IIa: 4; IIb: 1) mandibular deformities were used to print 3D models for simulated mandibular distraction osteogenesis. In the experimental group, a robot-assisted surgical navigation system was used to perform the surgery under robotic guidance following registration, according to the preoperative design.

OMENS+ Classification Correlations Analysis of Craniofacial Microsomia in China: The Relationship Between Macrostomia and Mandibular Hypoplasia.

Macrostomia is arare congenital craniofacial deformity that influences the appearance and function of patients. In most cases, it coexists with craniomaxillofacial deformities such as craniofacial microsomia (CFM). This study aimed to analyze the relationship between macrostomia and mandibular hypoplasia so as to facilitate the early detection and diagnosis of children with CFM.

Assessment of Robot-Assisted Mandibular Contouring Surgery in Comparison With Traditional Surgery: A Prospective, Single-Center, Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Few clinical studies on robot-assisted surgery (RAS) for mandibular contouring have been reported.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to follow the long-term effectiveness and safety of RAS for craniofacial bone surgery.

Methods: This small-sample, early-phase, prospective, randomized controlled study included patients diagnosed with mandibular deformity requiring mandibular contouring surgery.

Correlations Between Mandible Condylar Structures and External Ear Deformities in Hemifacial Microsomia With Three-Dimensional Analysis.

This study aimed to explore correlations between mandible and ear deformities and quantitative volumetric relations between condylar structures and external ear in hemifacial microsomia. The authors reconstructed three-dimensional craniofacial models from 212 patients with unilateral hemifacial microsomia (the unaffected side as the controls). Patients were evaluated by Pruzansky-Kaban and Marx classification, and divided into 3 age groups (0-6, 7-12, and >12 years of age).

STING inhibition accelerates the bone healing process while enhancing type H vessel formation.

The stimulator of interferon genes (STING), one of the critical factors of innate immunity, is indicated to be closely related to angiogenesis. This study examined STING's role in angiogenesis and the formation of type H vessels, a specific subtype of bone vessels that regulates bone healing. Different concentrations of 2',3'-cGAMP, and H-151 or C-176 were applied to activate or inhibit STING, respectively.

Robot-assisted mandibular angle osteotomy using electromagnetic navigation.

Background: To explore the potential of electromagnetic (EM) navigation technology in the field of robot-assisted surgery, we set up a maxillofacial surgical robotic system (MSRS) guided by an EM navigation tool. Mandibular angle osteotomy was used to analyze the feasibility in confined surgical areas.

Methods: Model and animal experiments were implemented to validate the system precision.

Finding Colon Cancer- and Colorectal Cancer-Related Microbes Based on Microbe-Disease Association Prediction.

Microbes are closely associated with the formation and development of diseases. The identification of the potential associations between microbes and diseases can boost the understanding of various complex diseases. Wet experiments applied to microbe-disease association (MDA) identification are costly and time-consuming.

A Preliminary Study on Animal Experiments of Robot-Assisted Craniotomy.

Background: Traditional craniotomy relies on the surgeon's experience and can be complicated owing to excessive skull bone removal, undesirable brain tissue penetration, or severe bleeding. For craniotomy, we developed a robot system based on intraoperative cone-beam computed tomography image guidance and human-robot cooperative interaction, aiming to improve the safety and accuracy of surgery and reduce the labor-intensiveness of the procedure.

Methods: Intraoperative cone-beam computed tomography image guidance was adopt to improve the accuracy in our experiment.

Model Experimental Study of Man-Machine Interactive Robot-Assisted Craniotomy.

To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and accuracy of the new man-machine interactive robotic system in model experiment. The implantation of the 8 to 10 bone screws over the skull model obtained from real patient's digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM), three-dimensional spiral computed tomography (CT) scans were taken. The end of the robotic arm was replaced with standard parts (including marker ball) for cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanning.

Hyperbaric CO2 Cryotherapy for Managing Swelling After Mandibular Angle Ostectomy.

Postoperative facial swelling after mandibular angle ostectomy is a concern for patients as it affects their quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of hyperbaric CO2 cryotherapy in relieving postoperative swelling. Thirty-seven patients (mean age: 22.

Modeling and Clinical Application of Incision Space in Facial Contour Surgery.

Virtual simulation surgical system is a good way to develop surgical instruments, make surgical plan, and train surgeons. At present, due to the deformation of intraoperative soft tissue after retraction and the lack of effective data collection, the surgical simulation of facial contour surgery can only be conducted according to the preoperative computed tomography data. Due to the difficulty of obtaining real operative spatial data, it is difficult for the virtual surgery trajectory planning process to yield a good effect on surgeon training.

Fully Automatic Robot-Assisted Surgery for Mandibular Angle Split Osteotomy.

With the development of computer-assisted surgery, preoperational design is detailed in software. However, it is still a challenge for surgeons to realize the surgical plan in the craniofacial surgery. Robot-assisted surgery has advantages of high accuracy and stability.