The impact of drug shortages on drug prices: evidence from China.

Introduction: Drug shortages pose a serious global public health challenge, affecting China and other countries. Evidence from USA shows that short-supplied drugs demonstrated a very high price growth during and after a shortage. However, the effect of shortages on drug prices in China remains unknown.

Evaluation of the effect of managing oxycodone/acetaminophen as a psychotropic medicine: An interrupted time-series study.

Oxycodone/acetaminophen has been reported for misuse for many times in China. To cope with that, Chinese national authorities jointly issued a policy, requiring that oxycodone/acetaminophen should be managed as a psychotropic medicine starting 1 September 2019. This paper aimed to evaluate the effect of this policy in medical institutions.

Procurement of medicines to treat cancer, 2015-2020, China.

Objective: To assess the procurement of medicines to treat cancer in China.

Methods: We conducted a descriptive analysis of the national procurement data for 20 anti-cancer medicines in China from 2015 to 2020. We estimated the number of defined daily doses procured per year in three areas of China for essential medicines and medicines for targeted therapies.

Kinetics of the photolysis of pyridaben and its main photoproduct in aqueous environments under simulated solar irradiation.

The photolytic fate of pyridaben and its main photolysis product was investigated in different aqueous solutions. Results showed that the photolysis of pyridaben followed pseudo first-order kinetics or the hockey-stick model. In buffer solutions, the half-life of pyridaben was the shortest at pH 4, while the degradation rate within 24 h was the highest at pH 9.

An overview on the green synthesis and removal methods of pyridaben.

Pyridaben is an acaricide widely used around the world to control phytophagous mites, white flies, aphids, and thrips. It is highly toxic to nontarget organisms such as predatory mites, bees, and fishes. Therefore, the occurrence and removal of pyridaben in food and the environment are worthy of concern.

Combined Experimental and Computational Study on the Transformation of a Novel 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Thioether Nematicide in Aqueous Solutions.

It has been demonstrated that Exianliuyimi (EXLYM) exhibits good nematocidal activity. As a potential nematicide, EXLYM and its transformation products (TPs) may generate emerging pollutants with hazardous effects on the ecosystem. In this study, the fate of EXLYM in aqueous solutions was investigated using experimental and theoretical approaches.

Perceptions of pharmacists towards drug shortages in the healthcare system of Pakistan and its impact on patient care: findings from a cross-sectional survey.

Objective: This study aimed to explore pharmacists' perceptions on drug shortages and its impingement on the Pakistani healthcare system, in particular on patient care.

Design: Online questionnaire survey.

Setting And Participants: Hospital pharmacists from five out of seven regions of Pakistan were approached; including the federal territory (Islamabad) and four provinces (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Balochistan, Punjab and Sindh).

Regio- and Steric Effects on Single Molecule Conductance of Phenanthrenes.

Here, six phenanthrene (the smallest arm-chair graphene nanoribbon) derivatives with dithiomethyl substitutions at different positions as the anchoring groups were synthesized. Scanning tunneling microscopy break junction technique was used to measure their single molecule conductances between gold electrodes, which showed a difference as much as 20-fold in the range of ∼10 G to ∼10 G following the trend of G > G > G > G > G > G. DFT calculations agree well with this measured trend and indicate that the single molecule conductances are a combination of energy alignment, electronic coupling, and quantum effects.

Clinical Consumption of Compound Opioid Analgesics in China: A Retrospective Analysis of National Data 2015-2018.

Compound opioid analgesics (COA) are widely used for cancer pain relief, but few studies investigated the use of that. We aimed to report the characteristics and trend of COA consumption in different regions and health facilities in China. The procurement data of two types of COA, compound codeine phosphate (CCP) and oxycodone and acetaminophen (OAA), in all medical institutions of 20 provinces from 2015 to 2018 were used.