The association between derived TyG index and the risk of heart failure in the elderly population: a prospective cohort study from 2017 to 2023.

Background: Diabetes and obesity are established risk factors for heart failure(HF). Although the TyG (triglyceride-glucose) index serves as a sensitive marker for identifying insulin resistance, there is a lack of comprehensive evidence regarding whether its integration with obesity indices can enhance the predictive capacity for HF. This prospective cohort study is designed to explore the correlation between TyG indices in conjunction with obesity indices (TyG-body mass index, or TyG-BMI; TyG-waist circumference, or TyG-WC; TyG-waist circumference-to-height ratio, or TyG-WHtR) and the risk of HF.

Genomic correlation, shared loci, and causal association between obesity, periodontitis and tooth loss.

Observational studies have reported an association of obesity with periodontitis and tooth loss, yet findings remain inconsistent. We aim to investigate the genetic link underlying obesity-related traits (BMI [body mass index], WHR [waist-to-hip ratio], WHRBMI and childhood BMI), periodontitis and tooth loss. Leveraging summary statistics from large-scale genome-wide association studies, we comprehensively investigated the pair-wise genetic correlation using linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) and SUPERGNOVA, identified shared loci using cross-phenotype association analysis (CPASSOC), and estimated causal association using Mendelian randomization.

Leisure-Time Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Biological Aging: Evidence From Genetic Correlation and Mendelian Randomization Analyses.

Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior are associated with higher risks of age-related morbidity and mortality. However, whether they causally contribute to accelerating biological aging has not been fully elucidated. Utilizing the largest available genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data, we implemented a comprehensive analytical framework to investigate the associations between genetically predicted moderate-to-vigorous leisure-time physical activity (MVPA), leisure screen time (LST), and four epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) measures: HannumAgeAccel, intrinsic HorvathAgeAccel, PhenoAgeAccel, and GrimAgeAccel.

Late-life physical activity, midlife-to-late-life activity patterns, APOE ε4 genotype, and cognitive impairment among Chinese older adults: a population-based observational study.

Background: Although physical activity (PA) has been linked to cognitive health, the nuanced relationships between different dimensions of PA and cognitive impairment remain inconclusive. This study investigated associations between late-life PA levels, midlife-to-late-life activity patterns, and cognitive impairment in Chinese older adults, considering potential moderation by apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 genotype.

Methods: We analyzed baseline data from 6,899 participants (median age 68 years, 55.

The independent and combined associations of nocturnal sleep duration, sleep midpoint, and sleep onset latency with global cognitive function in older Chinese adults.

This study aims to investigate the independent and combined associations of nocturnal sleep duration, sleep midpoint, and sleep onset latency with global cognitive function in older Chinese adults. Our cross-sectional study included 4601 community-dwelling cognitively unimpaired adults aged 60 years or older from the West China Health and Aging Cohort Study. Sleep characteristics were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and global cognitive function was evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).

Shared Genetic Architecture and Causal Relationship between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Bone Mineral Density.

Background: Despite the well-established regulatory role of vitamin D in maintaining bone health, little is known about the shared genetics and causality of the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and bone mineral density (BMD).

Methods: Leveraging individual-level data from the UK Biobank (UKB) cohort and summary-level data from the genome-wide association studies (GWASs) conducted on European individuals for serum 25OHD (N = 417,580) and estimated heel BMD (eBMD, N = 426,824), we systematically elucidated the shared genetic architecture underlying serum 25OHD and eBMD through a comprehensive genome-wide cross-trait design.

Results: Despite a lack of global genetic correlation (rg = -0.

PEG length effect of peptide-functional liposome for blood brain barrier (BBB) penetration and brain targeting.

Nanoparticles, in particular PEGylated, show great potential for in vivo brain targeted drug delivery. Nevertheless, how polyethylene glycol (PEG) length of nanoparticles affects their blood brain barrier (BBB) penetration or brain targeting is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the power of PEG chain-lengths (2, 3.

Rates of maternal weight gain over the course of pregnancy and offspring risk of neurodevelopmental disorders.

Background: Previous studies have suggested that gestational weight gain (GWG) outside an optimal range increases the risks of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in offspring including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability (ID), and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The sequential development of the fetal brain suggests that its vulnerability may vary depending on the timing of exposure. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the associations of not only gestational age-standardized total GWG (GWG z-scores) but also the rate of GWG (RGWG) in the second and third trimesters with risks of NDDs in offspring.

Characterization of conidial autofluorescence in powdery mildew.

Autofluorescence is produced by endogenous fluorophores, such as NAD(P)H, lipofuscin, melanin, and riboflavin, indicating the accumulation of substances and the state of energy metabolism in organisms. As an obligate parasite, powdery mildew is wildly spread by air and parasitic crops. However, most identification studies have been based on morphology and molecular biology which were far too time- and labor-consuming, thus lacking characteristic, simple, and effective means.

Bowel movement frequency and risks of major vascular and non-vascular diseases: a population-based cohort study among Chinese adults.

Objective: The application of bowel movement frequency (BMF) in primary care is limited by the lack of solid evidence about the associations of BMF with health outcomes apart from Parkinson's disease and colorectal cancer. We examined the prospective associations of BMF with major vascular and non-vascular diseases outside the digestive system.

Design: Population-based prospective cohort study.

Sleep patterns, genetic susceptibility, and incident cardiovascular disease: a prospective study of 385 292 UK biobank participants.

Aims: To quantify the association of combined sleep behaviours and genetic susceptibility with the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods And Results: This study included 385 292 participants initially free of CVD from UK Biobank. We newly created a healthy sleep score according to five sleep factors and defined the low-risk groups as follows: early chronotype, sleep 7-8 h per day, never/rarely insomnia, no snoring, and no frequent excessive daytime sleepiness.

Association Between Active Commuting and Incident Cardiovascular Diseases in Chinese: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background Active commuting is related to a higher level of physical activity but more exposure to ambient air pollutants. With the rather serious air pollution in urban China, we aimed to examine the association between active commuting and risk of incident cardiovascular disease in the Chinese population. Methods and Results A total of 104 170 urban commuters without major chronic diseases at baseline were included from China Kadoorie Biobank.

Family History, Tobacco Smoking, and Risk of Ischemic Stroke.

Background And Purpose: Both genetic factors and smoking are associated with ischemic stroke (IS) risk. However, little is known about the potential interaction of these factors. We aimed to assess whether smoking and a positive family history interact to increase the risk of IS.

Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension.

Rationale: In observational studies, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) has been associated with an increased risk of hypertension, and vice versa; however, the causality between these conditions remains to be determined.

Objectives: This population-based prospective cohort study sought to investigate the bidirectional causal relations of T2D with hypertension, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Methods And Results: After exclusion of participants free of a history of heart failure, cardiovascular disease, cardiac procedures, and non-T2D diabetes mellitus, a total of 318 664 unrelated individuals with qualified genotyping data of European descent aged 37 to 73 from UK Biobank were included.

Effect of total, domain-specific, and intensity-specific physical activity on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among hypertensive adults in China.

Objectives: We aimed to prospectively examine the associations of total, domain-specific, and intensity-specific physical activity with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among Chinese hypertensive adults.

Methods: We performed a prospective cohort study in 150 391 hypertensive participants aged 30-79 years from the China Kadoorie Biobank study of 512 891 participants recruited from 10 diverse areas across China during 2004-2008. Participants with heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer at baseline were excluded.

Novel T-cell epitopes on Schistosoma japonicum SjP40 protein and their preventive effect on allergic asthma in mice.

Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease mediated by Th2 cell immune responses. Currently, immunotherapies based on immune deviation are attractive, preventive, and therapeutic strategies for asthma. Many studies have shown that intracellular bacterial infections such as mycobacteria and their components can suppress asthmatic reactions by enhancing Th1 responses, while helminth infections and their proteins can inhibit allergic asthma via immune regulation.

[Regional differences on patterns of physical activity and leisure sedentary time: findings from the China Kadoorie Biobank study, including a million people from 10 regions].

Objective: To describe the gender and regional differences in patterns of physical activity and sedentary behavior across 10 study areas through data from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) that involving half a million adults.

Methods: The baseline survey of CKB took place in 5 urban and 5 rural areas across China during 2004-2008. After excluding those who had a prior history of heart disease, stroke and/or cancer, 486 514 participants (age: 30-79 y) were included in the analyses.

Gender, Age, and Education Level Modify the Association between Body Mass Index and Physical Activity: A Cross-Sectional Study in Hangzhou, China.

Introduction: Numerous studies have reported a strong inverse association between BMI and physical activity in western populations. Recently, the association between BMI and physical activity has been considered bidirectional. This study aimed to examine the associations of body mass index (BMI) with physical activity and sedentary behavior and to explore whether those associations were modified by socio-demographic characteristics.

[Chinese guidelines for data processing and analysis concerning the International Physical Activity Questionnaire].

To introduce standard methods of scoring the data derived from both short and long form instruments of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The introduction part consists of a set of domains which include the structure of questionnaire, principles of data cleaning, calculation methods and grouping rules. Through practical experience, a specific calculation process of IPAQ-long based on the standard methods was showed.