Role of sRNAs protein molecules in extracellular vesicles derived from Lactobacillus plantarum rejuvenate against ultraviolet B-induced photoaging in human keratinocytes.

Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation accelerates the aging process of skin cells by triggering oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of action of sRNAs and protein molecules in the regenerative extracellular vesicles of Lactobacillus plantarum against the UVB-induced photoaging process of human keratinocytes. The extracellular vesicles regenerated by Lactobacillus plantarum were isolated and purified to identify sRNAs and protein components.

Metabolic syndrome facilitates histopathological changes and the risk of postoperative recurrence in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Background: The relationship between metabolic syndrome (MS) and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the effects of MS on histopathological features and postoperative recurrence in patients with CRSwNP.

Methods: We recruited 529 patients with CRSwNP who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery.

A Novel EYA1 Mutation Causing Alternative RNA Splicing in a Chinese Family With Branchio-Oto Syndrome: Implications for Molecular Diagnosis and Clinical Application.

Objectives: Branchio-oto syndrome (BOS) primarily manifests as hearing loss, preauricular pits, and branchial defects. EYA1 is the most common pathogenic gene, and splicing mutations account for a substantial proportion of cases. However, few studies have addressed the structural changes in the protein caused by splicing mutations and potential pathogenic factors, and several studies have shown that middle-ear surgery has limited effectiveness in improving hearing in these patients.

RNA binding motif protein 45-mediated phosphorylation enhances protein stability of ASCT2 to promote hepatocellular carcinoma progression.

Targeting metabolic remodeling represents a potentially promising strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) therapy. In-depth understanding on the regulation of the glutamine transporter alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 2 (ASCT2) contributes to the development of novel promising therapeutics. As a developmentally regulated RNA binding protein, RBM45 is capable to shuttle between nucleus and cytoplasm, and directly interacts with proteins.

Sijunzi decoction ameliorates gastric precancerous lesions via regulating oxidative phosphorylation based on proteomics and metabolomics.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Sijunzi decoction (SJZD), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, is commonly used in clinical practice for the treatment of gastric precancerous lesions (GPL). However, the mechanism of gastric protection is not fully understood.

Aims Of The Study: The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the efficacy of SJZD in blocking the development of GPL and to reveal the underlying mechanism.

Effects of gene silencing of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 combined with rosmarinic acid on tumor immune microenvironment in H22 tumor-bearing mice.

Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a natural polyphenolic compound with several pharmacological activities, including immunomodulation and anti-tumor effect. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1), the rate-limiting enzyme that metabolizes tryptophan into kynurenine, is an important negative immune regulator. This study aimed to explore the effect of combined action of IDO1 gene silencing and RA on tumor immune microenvironment.

Overcoming ABCB1-mediated multidrug resistance by transcription factor BHLHE40.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) hinders treatment efficacy in cancer therapy. One typical mechanism contributing to MDR is the overexpression of permeability-glycoprotein (P-gp) encoded by ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1). Basic helix-loop-helix family member e40 (BHLHE40) is a well-known transcription factor that has pleiotropic effects including the regulation of cancer-related processes.

A comprehensive genotype-phenotype evaluation of eight Chinese probands with Waardenburg syndrome.

Background: Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is the most common form of syndromic deafness with phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity in the Chinese population. This study aimed to clarify the clinical characteristics and the genetic cause in eight Chinese WS families (including three familial and five sporadic cases). Further genotype-phenotype relationships were also investigated.

Molecular Link in Flavonoid and Amino Acid Biosynthesis Contributes to the Flavor of Changqing Tea in Different Seasons.

The present study was aimed to elucidate the flavor formation mechanism of Changqing tea. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that the total catechins of Changqing tea was 65-160 mg/g, with 16-34 mg/g non-galloyated catechins and 49-126 mg/g galloylated catechins. Tea polyphenols and free amino acids account for 286-312 mg/g and 35-89 mg/g, respectively.

Angularly anisotropic tunability of upconversion luminescence by tuning plasmonic local-field responses in gold nanorods antennae with different configurations.

Optical polarization has attracted considerable research attention by extra detection dimension in angular space, flourishing modern optoelectronic applications. Nonetheless, purposive polarization controlling at nanoscales and even at the single-particle level constitutes a challenge. Plasmonic nanoantenna opens up new perspectives in polarization state modification.

Metabolic dysregulation and emerging therapeutical targets for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive human cancer with increasing incidence worldwide. Multiple efforts have been made to explore pharmaceutical therapies to treat HCC, such as targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors, immune based therapies and combination of chemotherapy. However, limitations exist in current strategies including chemoresistance for instance.

Phosphorylation-Induced Ubiquitination and Degradation of PXR through CDK2-TRIM21 Axis.

Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that is activated by a variety of endogenous metabolites or xenobiotics. Its downstream target genes are involved in metabolism, inflammation and processes closely related to cancer. However, the stability regulation of PXR protein resulting from post-translational modification is still largely undefined.

Response of extracellular and intracellular alkaline phosphatase in Microcystis aeruginosa to organic phosphorus.

Cyanobacterial blooms caused by Microcystis have become a menace to public health and water quality in the global freshwater ecosystem. Alkaline phosphatases (APases) produced by microorganisms play an important role in the mineralization of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) into orthophosphate (Pi) to promote cyanobacterial blooms. However, the response of extracellular and intracellular alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) of Microcystis to different DOP sources is poorly understood.

Suspended particles phoD alkaline phosphatase gene diversity in large shallow eutrophic Lake Taihu.

The bacterial phoD gene encodes alkaline phosphatase plays an important role in the release of bioavailable inorganic phosphorus (P) from organic P in environmental systems. However, phoD gene diversity in suspended particles in shallow freshwater lakes is poorly understood. In this study, we explored the potential relationship between environmental factors and phoD phosphatase gene in suspended particles in different ecosystem types (lake zones) in Lake Taihu, a large shallow eutrophic lake in China.

A technology for strongly improving methane production from rice straw: freeze-thaw pretreatment.

Overcoming the complex three dimensional structure of biomass is a major challenge in enhancing anaerobic digestion (AD) efficacy. Freeze-thaw pretreatment was proposed herein in order to improve methane production from rice straw. The effect was notable: average methane content for group-A (-4 °C) and -B (-20 °C) were A1 (-4 °C, 12 h): 40.

Intradermal delivery of STAT3 siRNA to treat melanoma via dissolving microneedles.

Hyperactivity of signal transducer and activity of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays a crucial role in melanoma invasion and metastasis. Gene therapy applying siRNA targeting STAT3 is a potential therapeutic strategy for melanoma. In this article, we first fabricated safe and novel dissolving microneedles (MNs) for topical application of STAT3 siRNA to enhance the skin penetration of siRNA and used polyethylenimine (PEI, 25 kDa) as carrier to improve cellular uptake of siRNA.

Dual roles of TPGS based microemulsion for tacrolimus: Enhancing the percutaneous delivery and anti-psoriatic efficacy.

In this study, we demonstrate for the first time the dual roles of Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol 1000 Succinate (TPGS) based microemulsion (ME) for tacrolimus (TAC) to enhance TAC percutaneous delivery and anti-psoriatic efficacy. The ME formulation was developed and optimized based on pseudo-ternary phase diagrams combined with in vitro permeation. The result of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) demonstrated that TAC was completely solubilized in the TPGS-ME.

Effects of nanoparticles with hydrotropic nicotinamide on tacrolimus: permeability through psoriatic skin and antipsoriatic and antiproliferative activities.

The hybrid system based on nanoparticles (NPs) self-assembled by the conjugations of hyaluronic acid with cholesterol (HA-Chol NPs) combined with nicotinamide (NIC) for tacrolimus (FK506), ie, FK506 NPs-NIC, has been confirmed to exhibit a significant synergistic effect on FK506 permeation through and into intact skin; thus, it may be a promising approach for FK506 to effectively treat skin diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate its potential for the treatment of psoriasis. In vitro permeation through the psoriatic skin was carried out, and the results revealed that the combination of NPs with NIC exhibited a significant synergistic effect on FK506 deposition within the psoriatic skin (3.

Combination of hydrotropic nicotinamide with nanoparticles for enhancing tacrolimus percutaneous delivery.

Tacrolimus (FK506), an effective immunosuppressant for treating inflammatory skin diseases, hardly penetrates into and through the skin owing to its high hydrophobicity and molecular weight. The aim of this study was to develop a hybrid system based on nicotinamide (NIC) and nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulating FK506, such as FK506-NPs-NIC, for facilitating percutaneous delivery, which exploited virtues of both NIC and NPs to obtain the synergetic effect. Solubility and percutaneous permeation studies were carried out.

Hyaluronic acid-coated niosomes facilitate tacrolimus ocular delivery: Mucoadhesion, precorneal retention, aqueous humor pharmacokinetics, and transcorneal permeability.

Tacrolimus (FK506) was used to prevent corneal allograft rejection in patients who were resistant to steroids and cyclosporine. However, the formulation for FK506 ocular delivery remained a challenge due to the drug's high hydrophobicity, high molecular weight, and eye's physiological and anatomical constraints. The aim of this project is to develop an ocular delivery system for FK506 based on a combined strategy of niosomes and mucoadhesive hyaluronic acid (HA), i.

In vivo cancer targeting and fluorescence-CT dual-mode imaging with nanoprobes based on silver sulfide quantum dots and iodinated oil.

In this article, a fluorescence-CT dual-mode nanoprobe is successfully synthesized by making use of distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine-poly(ethylene glycol)-folate (DSPE-PEG2000-FA) and other amphiphilic molecules to coat silver sulfide (Ag2S) quantum dots (QDs) and iodinated oil simultaneously. In vitro experiments show that the fluorescence wavelength of the nanoprobe is 1170 nm in the near infrared-II region. Its size is 139.

Hybrid nanoprobes of bismuth sulfide nanoparticles and CdSe/ZnS quantum dots for mouse computed tomography/fluorescence dual mode imaging.

Background: X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging can be used to reveal the three-dimensional structure of deep tissue with high spatial resolution. However, it cannot reveal molecular or cellular changes, and has great limitations in terms of specificity and sensitivity. Fluorescence imaging technology is one of the main methods used for the study of molecular events in vivo and has important applications in life science research.

Microemulsion based gel for topical dermal delivery of pseudolaric acid B: In vitro and in vivo evaluation.

Pseudolaric acid B (PAB) possesses comparable fungicidal activity against Candida albicans to amphotericin B and antifungal activity against azole-resistant Candida species. However, its poor water solubility makes the formulation a considerable challenge for dermal permeation of PAB. The aim of this project was to improve the solubility and eventually the dermal permeability and bioavailability by developing a microemulsion based gel for PAB (PAB ME-gel).

Multifunctional magnetic-hollow gold nanospheres for bimodal cancer cell imaging and photothermal therapy.

Multifunctional nanocomposites combining imaging and therapeutic functions have great potential for cancer diagnosis and therapy. In this work, we developed a novel theranostic agent based on hollow gold nanospheres (HGNs) and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO). Taking advantage of the excellent magnetic properties of SPIO and strong near-infrared (NIR) absorption property of HGNs, such nanocomposites were applied to targeted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and photoacoustic imaging (PAI) of cancer cells.

Composite silica coated gold nanosphere and quantum dots nanoparticles for X-ray CT and fluorescence bimodal imaging.

In this study, silica coated Au nanospheres (Au@SiO2) were prepared by a reverse microemulsion method; subsequently, a layer of fluorescent quantum dots (QDs) were adsorbed onto it and then it was coated with silica again. After modifying with PVP, the composite silica coated gold nanosphere and quantum dots nanoparticle (Au@SiO2-QDs/SiO2-PVP) was obtained. This composite structure contained Au and QDs, and it could be used for contrast-enhanced X-ray CT imaging and fluorescence imaging.