Hsc70 promotes anti-tumor immunity by targeting PD-L1 for lysosomal degradation.

Immune checkpoint inhibition targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway has become a powerful clinical strategy for treating cancer, but its efficacy is complicated by various resistance mechanisms. One of the reasons for the resistance is the internalization and recycling of PD-L1 itself upon antibody binding. The inhibition of lysosome-mediated degradation of PD-L1 is critical for preserving the amount of PD-L1 recycling back to the cell membrane.

Preliminary analysis of immune-related markers in thymic carcinoid.

The immune-related microenvironment of thymic carcinoid has rarely been reported. We analyzed the expression of PD-L1 and VISTA, and the distribution of CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells and CD68 macrophages in the thymic carcinoid by immunohistochemical staining, and showed the correlation between these markers and clinical survival, indicating the potential therapeutic prospects.

SUMOylation-triggered ALIX activation modulates extracellular vesicles circTLCD4-RWDD3 to promote lymphatic metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer.

Lymph node (LN) metastasis is one of the predominant metastatic routes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is considered as a leading cause for the unsatisfactory prognosis of patients. Although lymphangiogenesis is well-recognized as a crucial process in mediating LN metastasis, the regulatory mechanism involving lymphangiogenesis and LN metastasis in NSCLC remains unclear. In this study, we employed high-throughput sequencing to identify a novel circular RNA (circRNA), circTLCD4-RWDD3, which was significantly upregulated in extracellular vesicles (EVs) from LN metastatic NSCLC and was positively associated with deteriorated OS and DFS of patients with NSCLC from multicenter clinical cohort.

Identification of predictors of long-term survival and prognostic outcomes in thymic squamous cell carcinoma: A real-world study.

Background: Although thymic squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is among the most prevalent forms of thymic carcinoma, there are relatively few studies on this tumor type, and its staging, optimal treatment strategies, and relevant prognostic factors remain controversial.

Methods: The present study analyzed 79 patients diagnosed with TSCC between January 2008 and January 2021. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to explore factors associated with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in the overall patient cohort and patient subgroups stratified according to the TNM stage.

Visible-light-induced aerobic epoxidation with vitamin B2-based photocatalyst.

Herein we described the catalytic epoxidation of α,β-enone, with peroxide generated, a predominant single electron transfer and a minor energy transfer pathway. We use inexpensive natural vitamin B2 (riboflavin, RF) or its simple ester (riboflavin tetraacetate, RFT) as the photocatalysts, commonly used 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.

Real-world study of treatment and outcome of type B2 + B3 thymoma: The neglected part of thymoma.

Background: This study aimed to examine the treatment and prognosis of patients with type B2 + B3 thymoma and compare it with those patients with type B2 and B3 thymoma.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the results of 39 patients with type B2 + B3 thymoma, 133 patients with type B2 thymoma, and 64 patients with type B3 thymoma. The Kaplan-Meier technique was used to generate survival curves.

Exposure and Health Risk Assessment of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Crayfish from the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a novel class of emerging persistent organic pollutants (POPs) owing to their environmental persistence and bioaccumulation. Red swamp crayfish is a major source of exposure to PFASs, while the dietary intake of PFASs from crayfish is still unclear. We investigated the concentrations of PFASs in 130 batches of crayfish and 100 environmental samples from Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River Delta.

Trends in the Exposure, Distribution, and Health Risk Assessment of Perchlorate among Crayfish in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River.

Perchlorate is a well-known thyroid-disrupting chemical as well as an extremely stable inorganic pollutant widely distributed in the environment. Therefore, perchlorate posts potential risks to the environment as well as human health. Crayfish is a dominant aquatic food with increasing consumption levels in recent years.

The Hepatoprotective Effect of Leonurine Hydrochloride Against Alcoholic Liver Disease Based on Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis.

Excessive alcohol consumption can eventually progress to alcoholic liver disease (ALD). The underlying mechanism of ALD toxicity is primarily associated with oxidative damage. Many alkaloids have been reported to possess potential antioxidative efficacy, while the mechanism of their hepatoprotective activity against ALD is still not clear.

Real-world clinicopathological features and outcome of thymic neuroendocrine tumors: a retrospective single-institution analysis.

Background: Thymic neuroendocrine tumors comprise a heterogeneous group of rare diseases. This study aimed to investigate the real-world clinicopathological features and treatment outcomes of thymic neuroendocrine tumors.

Results: A total of 104 patients diagnosed with thymic neuroendocrine tumors in a single institution from 1983 to 2021 were eligible.

Clinicopathological Features and Prognosis of Primary Mediastinal Malignant Germ Cell Tumors: A Retrospective Single-Institution Analysis.

Background: Given the lack of evidence-supported guidance for therapeutic recommendations of primary mediastinal malignant germ cell tumors (PMMGCTs), our study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological features, treatment strategies, and prognostic factors of PMMGCTs.

Methods: We carried out a consecutive retrospective evaluation on a series of patients diagnosed with PMMGCTs in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2000 to August 2020.

Results: A total of 58 patients were eligible, consisting of 51 males and seven females.

Comparative analysis of the long-term outcomes of segmentectomy and lobectomy for stage IA1 lung adenocarcinoma in patients with or without previous malignancy of other organs: a population-based study.

Background: For early stage non-small cell lung cancer, whether limited resection can yield comparable outcomes to those of lobectomy hasn't been established. We compared Overall survival (OS) and lung cancer-specific survival (LCSS) after segmentectomy or lobectomy in stage IA1 (≤10 mm) lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients.

Research Design And Methods: We retrospectively recruited patients who'd been diagnosed with lung cancer for the first time and treated with segmentectomy or lobectomy, with or without previous other malignancy.

Mitophagy Regulates Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Mitochondria play an essential role in supplying energy for the health and survival of neurons. Mitophagy is a metabolic process that removes dysfunctional or redundant mitochondria. This process preserves mitochondrial health.

Two Inhibitors Against the 3C-Like Proteases of Swine Coronavirus and Feline Coronavirus.

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are important human and animal pathogens that cause respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases. Porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED), characterized by severe diarrhoea and vomiting in pigs, is a highly lethal disease caused by porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) and causes substantial losses in the swine industry worldwide. However, currently available commercial drugs have not shown great therapeutic effects.

An Observational Study of Sex Differences in Takayasu Arteritis in China: Implications for Worldwide Regional Differences.

Background: This study analyzes the demographics of patients affected by Takayasu arteritis (TA). The study further explores the correlation and other contributory factors to the regional differences between the ratios of females to males (sex ratio).

Methods: This was a retrospective study using 1,011 clinical cases diagnosed with TA (as per 1990 American College of Rheumatology criteria) between 1982 and 2015 collected from the Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) database.

Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome as a cause of failed treatment of a false popliteal aneurysm.

Objective: Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome is a rare cause of popliteal artery aneurysms. We present a rare case of a false aneurysm associated with popliteal artery entrapment syndrome that was treated with endovascular repair that initially failed.

Case Report: A 60-year-old man with a false popliteal artery aneurysm and limb ischemia was treated with endovascular repair that initially failed.

A complicated case of innominate and right common arterial aneurysms due to Takayasu's arteritis.

Background: Innominate artery aneurysms (IAAs) are relatively rare. Endovascular therapy has been an alternative to open surgery in some IAA cases, but open repair is still necessary in complicated cases.

Case Summary: We report a 35-year-old female who suffered from Takayasu's arteritis.

A Literature Review of Antithrombotic Therapy for Patients of Venous Thromboembolic Events with Comorbidity of Coronary Heart Disease.

Patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) and concurrent coronary heart disease (CHD) are not rare in clinic. The main challenge in the treatment for these patients is that the antithrombotic therapies for VTE and CHD are different from each other, but the combination of the two therapeutic strategies would increase the risk of bleeding. There is a need to optimize the antithrombotic therapeutic scheme on the basis of individual conditional, in order to balance the therapeutic effects and the bleeding risk.