Enhancing Bone Regeneration and Osteogenic Quality by -HA Internalized Osteoblasts Synergized with ON Protein: Mechanistic Insights.

Bone scaffolds offer hope for oral jawbone repair, yet improving their osteogenic performance remains a clinical challenge. This study investigates a novel approach to enhance early bone formation and osteogenic quality by coloading hydroxyapatite (HA)─internalized osteoblasts (OHA) and osteonectin (ON) onto various scaffolds. Our findings demonstrated that the OHA could effectively facilitate the early bone regeneration by providing rapid calcium and phosphorus ion release via lysosome-mediated HA degradation, while the ON protein helps in ion deposition, cell proliferation, and matrix mineralization.