Channel-selective wavelength conversion of quadrature amplitude modulation signal using a graphene-assisted silicon microring resonator.

Compact and flexible all-optical signal processing is highly desirable in future optical networks for its high-speed processing without optical-electrical-optical conversion. Recent progress of silicon photonics and graphene has driven the increasing research interest of ultra-compact highly efficient chip-scale all-optical signal processing. In this Letter, by exploiting a graphene-silicon microring resonator (GSMR), we propose and experimentally demonstrate channel-selective wavelength conversion of multi-channel quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals.

Graphene-silicon microring resonator enhanced all-optical up and down wavelength conversion of QPSK signal.

We fabricate a nonlinear optical device based on graphene-silicon microring resonator (GSMR). Using such graphene-assisted nonlinear optical device, we experimentally demonstrate up and down wavelength conversion of a 10-Gbaud quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) signal by exploiting degenerate four-wave mixing (FWM) progress in the fabricated GSMR. We study the conversion efficiency as a function of the pump power.

Enhanced parametric frequency conversion in a compact silicon-graphene microring resonator.

We demonstrate four-wave mixing (FWM) in a 10-μm-radius silicon microring resonator with the assistance of giant nonlinearity of the monolayer graphene. A maximum enhancement of 6.8 dB of conversion efficiency in the silicon-graphene microring (SGM) resonator is observed.

Similar survival in patients following heart transplantation receiving induction therapy using daclizumab vs. basiliximab.

Background: Induction therapy with interleukin-2 receptor antagonists has been established as an effective immunosuppressive strategy in the management of heart transplant (HTx) recipients. We compared outcomes following HTx in patients receiving basiliximab, daclizumab, or no induction therapy.

Methods And Results: We investigated post-transplant prognosis of patients receiving basiliximab (n=67), daclizumab (n=98) or no induction therapy (n=70).