Early bruising detection of 'Korla' pears by low-cost visible-LED structured-illumination reflectance imaging and feature-based classification models.

Introduction: Nondestructive detection of thin-skinned fruit bruising is one of the main challenges in the automated grading of post-harvest fruit. The structured-illumination reflectance imaging (SIRI) is an emerging optical technique with the potential for detection of bruises.

Methods: This study presented the pioneering application of low-cost visible-LED SIRI for detecting early subcutaneous bruises in 'Korla' pears.