Mechanisms of Flavonoids and Their Derivatives in Endothelial Dysfunction Induced by Oxidative Stress in Diabetes.

Diabetic complications pose a significant threat to life and have a negative impact on quality of life in individuals with diabetes. Among the various factors contributing to the development of these complications, endothelial dysfunction plays a key role. The main mechanism underlying endothelial dysfunction in diabetes is oxidative stress, which adversely affects the production and availability of nitric oxide (NO).

All-inorganic ultrathin high-sensitivity transparent temperature sensor based on a Mn-Co-Ni-O nanofilm.

The demand for optically transparent temperature sensors in intelligent devices is increasing. However, the performance of these sensors, particularly in terms of their sensitivity and resolution, must be further enhanced. This study introduces a novel transparent and highly sensitive temperature sensor characterized by its ultrathin, freestanding design based on a Mn-Co-Ni-O nanofilm.

Uncovering the photosystem I assembly pathway in land plants.

Photosystem I (PSI) is one of two large pigment-protein complexes responsible for converting solar energy into chemical energy in all oxygenic photosynthetic organisms. The PSI supercomplex consists of the PSI core complex and peripheral light-harvesting complex I (LHCI) in eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms. However, how the PSI complex assembles in land plants is unknown.

Sparse Dynamic Volume TransUNet with multi-level edge fusion for brain tumor segmentation.

3D MRI Brain Tumor Segmentation is of great significance in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Accurate segmentation results are critical for localization and spatial distribution of brain tumors using 3D MRI. However, most existing methods mainly focus on extracting global semantic features from the spatial and depth dimensions of a 3D volume, while ignoring voxel information, inter-layer connections, and detailed features.

Water-Responsive 3D Electronics for Smart Biological Interfaces.

Three-dimensional (3D) electronic systems with their potential for enhanced functionalities often require complex fabrication processes. This paper presents a water-based, stimuli-responsive approach for creating self-assembled 3D electronic systems, particularly suited for biorelated applications. We utilize laser scribing to programmatically shape a water-responsive bilayer, resulting in smart 3D electronic substrates.

SIRT3 Regulates Clearance of Apoptotic Cardiomyocytes by Deacetylating Frataxin.

Background: Efferocytosis is an activity of macrophages that is pivotal for the resolution of inflammation in hypertension. The precise mechanism by which macrophages coordinate efferocytosis and internalize apoptotic cardiomyocytes remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether SIRT3 (sirtuin-3) is required for both apoptotic cardiomyocyte engulfment and anti-inflammatory responses during efferocytosis.

Fibroblast-to-cardiomyocyte lactate shuttle modulates hypertensive cardiac remodelling.

Background: Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and cardiomyocytes are the major cell populations in the heart. CFs not only support cardiomyocytes by producing extracellular matrix (ECM) but also assimilate myocardial nutrient metabolism. Recent studies suggest that the classical intercellular lactate shuttle may function in the heart, with lactate transported from CFs to cardiomyocytes.

Ultrasensitive hydrogel grating detector for real-time continuous-flow detection of trace threat Pb.

Ultrasensitive real-time detection of trace Pb in continuous flow is vital to effectively and timely eliminate the potential hazards to ecosystem health and sustainability. This work reports on a micro-structured smart hydrogel grating with ultra-sensitivity, high selectivity, good transparency and mechanical property for real-time detection of Pb in continuous flow. The hydrogel grating possesses uniform surface relief microstructures with periodic nano-height ridges made of poly(acrylamide-co-benzo-18-crown-6-acrylamide) networks that crosslinked by tetra-arm star poly(ethylene glycol)acrylamide.

Serum and diet long-chain omega-3 fatty acid nutritional status in Chinese elite athletes.

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs) are essential for improving the health and performance of athletes. The present study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of omega-3 PUFAs in Chinese elite athletes by both dietary intake analysis and serum biomarker detection. A cross-sectional analysis of data from 54 elite athletes (24 men and 30 women) from Shanghai professional sports teams was conducted.

Laminated holmium-166-containing electrospun bandages for use against skin cancer.

The number of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) cases in the US will increase significantly over the next decade due to a rise in UV exposure. One of the treatment methods used to remove NMSC lesions is radiation therapy. The two types of radiation therapy used in the clinic are external beam therapy and brachytherapy.

In-situ formation of MnO nanoparticles on Ru@SiO nanospheres as a fluorescent probe for sensitive and rapid detection of glutathione.

Glutathione (GSH)-switched fluorescent assays have appealed much attention due to rapid signal changes of fluorescent probes. However, exposure to exterior environment of fluorescent probe causes photobleaching and premature leakage, leading to low sensitivity and poor photostability. Herein, luminescent SiO nanoparticles encapsulated with Ru(bpy) (Ru@SiO) were designed and synthesized as fluorescent probe to construct a GSH-switched fluorescent assay.

Preparation and Optimization of an Ultraflexible Liposomal Gel for Lidocaine Transdermal Delivery.

The pain caused by lidocaine injections into the face prior to facial plastic surgeries intended to remove growths or tumorous lesions has been reported by many patients to be the worst part of these procedures. However, the lidocaine gels and creams currently on the market do not deliver an equal or better local anesthetic effect to replace these injections. To develop an alternative to the painful local anesthetic injection, we prepared ultraflexible liposomes using soy phosphatidylcholine, lidocaine, and different amounts of sodium cholate, a surfactant.

Optimization of DOTAP/chol Cationic Lipid Nanoparticles for mRNA, pDNA, and Oligonucleotide Delivery.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) can be used as delivery vehicles for nucleic acid biotherapeutics. In fact, LNPs are currently being used in the Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines. Cationic LNPs composed of 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP)/cholesterol (chol) LNPs have been classified as one of the most efficient gene delivery systems and are being tested in numerous clinical trials.

CircularRNA_0119872 regulates the microRNA-582-3p/E2F transcription factor 3 pathway to promote the progression of malignant melanoma.

Objectives: Malignant melanoma (MM) is an invasive tumor that poses a threat to patient health. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are important regulators of MM carcinogenesis. In this study, we investigated the expression characteristics and biological functions of, and mechanism underlying, circ_0119872 expression in MM.

A Method for Liposome Co-encapsulation of Phenethyl Isothiocyanate and Cisplatin and Determining Its Toxicity Against Lung and Lung Cancer Cells.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in the United States. It is extremely difficult to treat, and its survival rate is low. Today, the most effective treatments are still those that implement the platinum anticancer drug cisplatin (CDDP) in combination with other drugs.

Physicochemical Factors That Influence the Biocompatibility of Cationic Liposomes and Their Ability to Deliver DNA to the Nuclei of Ovarian Cancer SK-OV-3 Cells.

Cationic liposomes composed of 3-[N-(N',N'-dimethylaminoethane)-carbamoyl] cholesterol (DC-chol) and dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) have previously been shown to have applications in gene delivery. Our study aims to explore the effects of inclusion of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and using different molar ratios of DC-chol/DOPE on size, zeta potential, cytotoxicity and DNA delivery of DC-chol/DOPE liposomes. Our results show that PEGylation reduces the cytotoxicity of DC-chol/DOPE liposomes, and, furthermore, PEGylated liposome-DNA lipoplexes are smaller in size and more uniform in size distribution than those that are not PEGylated.

SIRT3 (Sirtuin-3) Prevents Ang II (Angiotensin II)-Induced Macrophage Metabolic Switch Improving Perivascular Adipose Tissue Function.

Objective: Infiltrated macrophages actively promote perivascular adipose tissue remodeling and represent a dominant population in the perivascular adipose tissue microenvironment of hypertensive mice. However, the role of macrophages in initiating metabolic inflammation remains uncertain. SIRT3 (sirtuin-3), a NAD-dependent deacetylase, is sensitive to metabolic status and mediates adaptation responses.

Sirtuin 3 governs autophagy-dependent glycolysis during Angiotensin II-induced endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition.

The impairment of autophagy can cause cellular metabolic perturbations involved in endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT). However, the interplay between the cellular autophagy machinery and endothelial metabolism remains elusive. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), an NAD-dependent deacetylase, is a major cellular sensor of energy metabolism.

Overexpression of wheat α-mannosidase gene TaMP impairs salt tolerance in transgenic Brachypodium distachyon.

The TaMP gene from wheat encodes an α-mannosidase induced by salt stress that functions as negative regulator of salt tolerance in plants. Salt stress significantly affects growth and yield of crop plants. The α-mannosidases function in protein folding, trafficking, and endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation in eukaryotic cells, and they are involved in abiotic stress tolerance in plants.

Sirtuin 3-mediated pyruvate dehydrogenase activity determines brown adipocytes phenotype under high-salt conditions.

Previous study indicated that Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is a central regulator of adaptive thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Here we investigate the role of SIRT3 in the modulation of cellular phenotype in BAT under high salt intake (HS). HS downregulated SIRT3 level in BAT, accompanied by decreased oxygen consumption rate, and caused a severe loss of BAT characteristics.

Sirtuin 3 deficiency accelerates Angiotensin II-induced skeletal muscle atrophy.

: It has been reported that Angiotensin II (Ang II) induced skeletal muscle atrophy. However, the precise mechanisms remain elusive. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), an NAD-dependent deacetylase, plays a central role in maintaining cellular metabolic homeostasis.

Monitoring of Species and Trichothecene Genotypes Associated with Head Blight on Wheat in Hebei Province, China.

To clarify the changes in field populations of Fusarium head blight (FHB) pathogens over a decade, species and trichothecene genotypes associated with FHB on wheat were monitored in Hebei province during the periods 2005-2006 and 2013-2016. species determination was carried out by morphological identification, species-specific amplification and partial translation elongation factor (TEF-1α) gene sequencing. Trichothecene genotype prediction was carried out by primers 3CON/3NA/3D15A/3D3 or Tri13F/Tri13R, Tri303F/Tri303R and Tri315F/Tri315R.

Phenethyl Isothiocyanate and Cisplatin Co-Encapsulated in a Liposomal Nanoparticle for Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the Unites States, and approximately 85% of all lung cancers are classified as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which is extremely difficult to treat and its survival rate is low. After decades of clinical trials, the most effective treatments are still those that implement the first-generation platinum anticancer agent cisplatin (CDDP) in combination with other drugs. We previously demonstrated that the naturally-occurring compound phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) can be used to sensitize NSCLC cells to CDDP.

Sirtuin 3-induced macrophage autophagy in regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Defective autophagy of monocytes or macrophages might result in NLRP3 inflammasome activation and cause vascular metabolic inflammation. However, the mechanism underlying the initiation of the autophagy response to hyperlipidaemia remains unclear. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), an NAD-dependent deacetylase, is sensitive to the metabolic status and mediates adaptation responses.

Overexpression of the Maize and Can Complement the Nitrate Regulatory Mutant by Restoring Nitrate Signaling and Assimilation.

Nitrate is a key nutrient that affects maize growth and yield, and much has yet to be learned about nitrate regulatory genes and mechanisms in maize. Here, we identified nine genes in maize and analyzed the functions of two members in nitrate signaling. qPCR results revealed a broad pattern of expression for genes in different stages and organs with the highest levels of transcript expression of and .