Endoperoxidases in biosynthesis of endoperoxide bonds.

Endoperoxides are important sources of ideas for drug discovery. Endoperoxide bonds are considered to be the cause of the interesting biological activities of endoperoxides, but there is limited knowledge regarding the biosynthetic mechanisms of most endoperoxide bonds. In this minireview, we summarize current knowledge about the biosynthesis of endoperoxides in nature and focus our discussion on plant-derived endoperoxides.

Bi-Constraints Diffusion: A Conditional Diffusion Model with Degradation Guidance for Metal Artifact Reduction.

In recent years, score-based diffusion models have emerged as effective tools for estimating score functions from empirical data distributions, particularly in integrating implicit priors with inverse problems like CT reconstruction. However, score-based diffusion models are rarely explored in challenging tasks such as metal artifact reduction (MAR). In this paper, we introduce the BiConstraints Diffusion Model for Metal Artifact Reduction (BCDMAR), an innovative approach that enhances iterative reconstruction with a conditional diffusion model for MAR.

An efficient flavonoid glycosyltransferase NjUGT73B1 from Nardostachys jatamansi of alpine Himalayas discovered by structure-based protein clustering.

Tilianin and linarin, two rare glycosylated flavonoids in the aromatic endangered medicinal plant Nardostachys jatamansi (D.on)DC., play an important role in the fields of medicine, cosmetics, food and dye industries.

A Negative Regulatory Feedback Loop within the JAK-STAT Pathway Mediated by the Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase DUSP14 in Shrimp.

The JAK-STAT pathway is a central communication node for various biological processes. Its activation is characterized by phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of the transcription factor STAT. The regulatory balance of JAK-STAT signaling is important for maintenance of immune homeostasis.

Integrated immunogenomic analysis of single-cell and bulk profiling reveals novel tumor antigens and subtype-specific therapeutic agents in lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: In recent years, mRNA-based vaccines with promising safety and functional characteristics have gained significant momentum in cancer immunotherapy. However, stable immunological molecular subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and novel tumor antigens for LUAD mRNA vaccine development remain elusive. Therefore, a novel approach is urgently needed to identify suitable LUAD subtypes and potential tumor antigens.

Phytochrome-interacting factors play shared and distinct roles in regulating shade avoidance responses in Populus trees.

Plants adjust their growth and development in response to changing light caused by canopy shade. The molecular mechanisms underlying shade avoidance responses have been widely studied in Arabidopsis and annual crop species, yet the shade avoidance signalling in woody perennial trees remains poorly understood. Here, we first showed that PtophyB1/2 photoreceptors serve conserved roles in attenuating the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) in poplars.

SPL16 and SPL23 mediate photoperiodic control of seasonal growth in Populus trees.

Perennial trees in boreal and temperate regions undergo growth cessation and bud set under short photoperiods, which are regulated by phytochrome B (phyB) photoreceptors and PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 8 (PIF8) proteins. However, the direct signaling components downstream of the phyB-PIF8 module remain unclear. We found that short photoperiods suppressed the expression of miR156, while upregulated the expression of miR156-targeted SQUAMOSA-PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 16 (SPL16) and SPL23 in leaves and shoot apices of Populus trees.

[Selection and validation of reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR analysis in Paeonia veitchii].

Paeonia veitchii and P. lactiflora are both original plants of the famous Chinese medicinal drug Paeoniae Radix Rubra in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. They have important medicinal value and great potential in the flower market.

Head-to-head comparison of prostate-specific membrane antigen PET and multiparametric MRI in the diagnosis of pretreatment patients with prostate cancer: a meta-analysis.

Objectives: To compare prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET with multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) in the diagnosis of pretreatment prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods: Pubmed, Embase, Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched for eligible studies published before June 22, 2022. We assessed risk of bias and applicability by using QUADAS-2 tool.

Molecular mechanism of the interaction between -induced virus-mock basement membrane (VMBM) and lymphatic endothelial cells.

Viruses are able to mimic the physiological or pathological mechanism of the host to favor their infection and replication. Virus-mock basement membrane (VMBM) is a -induced extracellular structure formed on the surface of infected cells and structurally and functionally mimics the basement membrane of the host. VMBM provides specific support for lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) rather than blood endothelial cells to adhere to the surface of infected cells, which constitutes a unique phenomenon of infection.

A novel chitinase Chi6 with immunosuppressive activity promotes white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection in Penaeus vannamei.

Chitinases, a group of glycosylase hydrolases that can hydrolyze chitin, are involved in immune regulation in animals. White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) causes huge losses to crustacean aquaculture every year. We identified a novel chitinase Chi6 from Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei, which contains a catalytic domain but no chitin-binding domain.

MLF-IOSC: Multi-Level Fusion Network With Independent Operation Search Cell for Low-Dose CT Denoising.

Computed tomography (CT) is widely used in clinical medicine, and low-dose CT (LDCT) has become popular to reduce potential patient harm during CT acquisition. However, LDCT aggravates the problem of noise and artifacts in CT images, increasing diagnosis difficulty. Through deep learning, denoising CT images by artificial neural network has aroused great interest for medical imaging and has been hugely successful.

The Non-Receptor Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase PTPN6 Mediates a Positive Regulatory Approach From the Interferon Regulatory Factor to the JAK/STAT Pathway in .

SH2-domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), belonging to the class I PTP superfamily, are responsible for the dephosphorylation on the phosphorylated tyrosine residues in some proteins that are involved in multiple biological processes in eukaryotes. The Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway transduce signaling responding to interferons and initiate cellular antiviral responses. The activity of the JAK/STAT pathway is generally orchestrated by the de-/phosphorylation of the tyrosine and serine residues of JAKs and STATs, in which the dephosphorylation processes are mainly controlled by PTPs.

Insight into adsorption process and mechanisms of Cr(III) using carboxymethyl cellulose--poly(acrylic acid--acrylamide)/attapulgite composite hydrogel.

Cr(III) as one of the most concerned potentially toxic elements, is discharged from relevant industries and Cr(VI) reduction. Hydrogel-based adsorption could be one of the promising approaches for Cr(III) removal. Featured with environmental friendliness and low cost, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was employed for the hydrogel synthesis, and attapulgite (APT) could be used to strengthen its stability.

miR-10c Facilitates White Spot Syndrome Virus Infection by Targeting Toll3 in .

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are canonical cell membrane receptors functioning to recognize pathogens and transduce signals to activate immune responses. It has been known that Toll3 in Pacific white shrimp (LvToll3) plays a critical role in antiviral immunity by inducing the transcription of interferon regulatory factor (IRF), which mediates a signaling axis that is similar to the interferon system of vertebrates. However, the regulatory mechanism of the Toll3-IRF signaling is still unclear.

Geochemical distribution and speciation of Tl and other trace metals in upper Beijiang River in South China: Approach of in-situ DGT monitoring.

Mining activities frequently result in severe contamination of river water. This study aimed to better understand the spatial distribution characteristics of Tl and other metals (e.g.

Tree Shrew Cells Transduced with Human CD4 and CCR5 Support Early Steps of HIV-1 Replication, but Viral Infectivity Is Restricted by APOBEC3.

The host range of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is narrow. Therefore, using ordinary animal models to study HIV-1 replication, pathogenesis, and therapy is impractical. The lack of applicable animal models for HIV-1 research spurred our investigation on whether tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri chinensis), which are susceptible to many types of human viruses, can act as an animal model for HIV-1.

A MicroRNA-1-Mediated Inhibition of the NF-κB Pathway by the JAK-STAT Pathway in the Invertebrate .

The JAK-STAT and NF-κB pathways are conserved cellular signaling cascades orchestrating a variety of biological processes. The regulatory interactions between these two pathways have been well studied in vertebrates but less concerned in invertebrates, hindering further understanding of immune signaling evolution. The Pacific white shrimp is now an important model for studying invertebrate immunity and cellular signaling mechanisms.

An Alu Element Insertion in Intron 1 Results in Aberrant Alternative Splicing of APOBEC3G Pre-mRNA in Northern Pig-Tailed Macaques () That May Reduce APOBEC3G-Mediated Hypermutation Pressure on HIV-1.

APOBEC3 family members, particularly APOBEC3F and APOBEC3G, inhibit the replication and spread of various retroviruses by inducing hypermutation in newly synthesized viral DNA. Viral hypermutation by APOBEC3 is associated with viral evolution, viral transmission, and disease progression. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to targeting APOBEC3G for AIDS therapy.

A shrimp gene encoding a single WAP domain (SWD)-containing protein regulated by JAK-STAT and NF-κB pathways.

Regulation of immune responses in animals is largely governed by the JAK-STAT and NF-κB pathways, which are conserved across vertebrates and invertebrates. At present, the relationship between these two pathways in invertebrates remains unclear. In the current study, a novel antimicrobial peptide termed LvSWD5 belonging to the Crustin family was identified from Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei.

Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Levels in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex of Perimenopausal Women With Depression: A Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study.

Objective: The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is associated with the processing of negative emotions. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) metabolism plays an important role in the pathogenesis of mental disorders. We aimed to determine the changes in GABA levels in the ACC of perimenopausal women with depression.