Surrogate modelling-based multi-objective optimization for best management practices of nonpoint source pollution.

The integrated application of hydrological models and best management practices (BMPs) serves as a pivotal decision-making tool for managing nonpoint source (NPS) pollution in watersheds. Optimizing and selecting BMP options are critical challenges in managing NPS pollution, as these processes are typically computationally expensive and involve mixed discrete-continuous decision variables. Our study integrated a novel method, the multi-objective adaptive surrogate modeling-based optimization for constrained hybrid problems (MO-ASMOCH), with the distributed Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to efficiently optimize the deployment of BMPs in the Four Lakes watershed of China.

Spectral characteristics of a guided mode resonant filter with planes of incidence.

Spectral responses of the guided mode resonant filter under different planes of incidence are comprehensively investigated in this paper. Commercially available software based on the rigorous coupled wave analysis method is used to perform the reflectance spectra. For normal incidence, there exists a pair of resonance bands, whose diffraction efficiencies can be tuned from 3.