[1+5] Cyclization of Indoline-Derived Azadienes with 1,3,5-Triazinanes: An Efficient Protocol for the Synthesis of Indoline-Spiro-Hexahydropyrimidines.

An unprecedented formal [1+5] cyclization of indoline-derived azadienes with 1,3,5-triazinanes has been realized, providing a facile access to biologically important indoline-spiro-hexahydropyrimidines with good to excellent yields (up to 99% yield). Different from previous reports, this is the first study that indoline-derived azadienes could participate in cyclizations as one-atom synthons. This methodology is also distinguished by not involving any additive or catalyst, readily available starting materials, wide range of substrate applicability, operational simplicity and simultaneously reassembling two C-N and two C-C bonds in one-step reaction.

Direct Synthesis for Benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-Amines via One-Pot Cascade [4+2] Annulation/Aromatization between Benzofuran-Derived Azadienes and Carbodiimide Anions.

The chemoselective [4+2] annulation/aromatization reactions between benzofuran-derived azadienes and N-Ts cyanamides are developed, affording a convenient method for synthesizing benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-amines under mild conditions. Herein, N-Ts cyanamides participated in reactions selectively via carbodiimide anion intermediates and the corresponding cyanamide anion intermediates derived products were not observed. The proposed chemoselective stepwise reaction mechanism was well supported by DFT calculations.

The optimal dose of metformin to control conversion to diabetes in patients with prediabetes: A meta-analysis.

Aim: This study aims to investigate the optimal dose of metformin for controlling the transition to diabetes in patients diagnosed with prediabetes.

Methods: We systematically searched randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, Scopus, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) from inception to February 2024. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.

Iron Species-Supporting Hydrophobic and Nonswellable Polytetrafluoroethylene/Poly(acrylic acid-co-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Composite Fiber and Its Stable Catalytic Activity for Methylene Blue Oxidative Decolorization.

Polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion was ultrasonically mixed with an extremely spinnable poly(acrylic acid-co-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) solution to get a dispersion with good spinnability, and the obtained dispersion was then wet-spun into water-swellable fiber. Crosslinking agents and iron species were simultaneously introduced into the water-swellable fiber through simple impregnation and water swelling. A composite fiber with Fenton reaction-catalyzing function was then fabricated by sequentially conducting crosslinking and sintering treatment.

Highly efficient catalytic properties of Sc and Fe single atoms stabilized on a honeycomb borophene/Al(111) heterostructure via a dual charge transfer effect.

Theoretical design and experimental fabrication of highly efficient single-atom catalysts (SACs) containing isolated metal atoms monodispersed on appropriate substrates have surged to the forefront of heterogeneous catalysis in recent years. Nevertheless, the instability of SACs, i.e.

Cloning and analysis of human Apg16L.

Autophagy is an intracellular bulk degradation system, which delivers cytoplasmic components to the lysosome/vacuole. In yeast and mammalian cells, the Apg12-Apg5 conjugate, together with Apg16, form a multimeric complex, which plays an essential role in autopihageosome formation. By large-scale sequencing analysis of a human fetal brain cDNA library, we isolated a cDNA encoding a putative protein with 607 amino acid residues, which shows 90% identity and 93% similarity to mouse Apg16L.