MicroRNA-431-5p encapsulated in serum extracellular vesicles as a biomarker for proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Early diagnosis and precise monitoring of the development of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) can significantly improve therapeutic strategies and help decrease blindness caused by it. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) were recently found to be involved in intercellular communications and are a potential source for the discovery of novel biomarkers. The current study aims to investigate the effectiveness of microRNAs (miRNAs) encapsulated in small EVs (sEVs) as minimally invasive biomarkers for PDR.

Proteomic Analysis of Plasma sEVs Reveals That TNFAIP8 Is a New Biomarker of Cell Proliferation in Diabetic Retinopathy.

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from the plasma have been increasingly recognized as important vehicles of intercellular communication and potential sources of new biomarkers for multiple diseases. In this study, proteomic profiles of plasma sEVs from normal subjects and diabetic patients with or without diabetic retinopathy (DR) were systematically compared using iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics. Among a total of 901 identified proteins in plasma sEVs (false discovery rate (FDR) < 1%), 90 proteins were found to have significantly changed levels in DR.

Prevalence and Characterization of Species and Genotypes in Four Farmed Deer Species in the Northeast of China.

Cryptosporidiosis is a major public health problem in humans and animals. Information on the prevalence and molecular diversity of in farmed deer in northeastern China is limited. In this study, the prevalence of these parasites was investigated in four farmed deer species, including 125 reindeer, 109 red deer, 86 sika deer, and 18 Siberian roe deer by nested PCR amplification of the partial small subunit of ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene.

Angiostrongylus cantonensis Galectin-1 interacts with Annexin A2 to impair the viability of macrophages via activating JNK pathway.

Background: Angiostrongylus cantonensis can cause severe symptoms of central nervous system infections. In the host, this parasite localizes in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid, and its secreted components can impact immune responses. Our previous study demonstrated that immune responses were inhibited in A.