Comparison of smoking behaviors and associated factors between HIV-infected and uninfected men in Guilin, China: a case-control study.

Background: Smoking is highly prevalent among HIV-infected individuals and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Studies on smoking among HIV-infected individuals in China, especially compared to uninfected individuals, are scarce.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate and compare the prevalence and factors associated with smoking between HIV-infected and uninfected men in Guilin, China.

Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System Enhances Tissue Distribution of Cinnamaldehyde by Altering the Properties of the Mucus Layer.

Oral delivery is considered the preferred route of administration due to its convenience and favorable compliance. However, this delivery often faces difficulties, such as poor solubility, limited absorption, and undesirable stability, especially for some volatile oils. The aim of this study was to develop self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) containing cinnamaldehyde (CA) to overcome these shortcomings.

Combining network pharmacology with chromatographic fingerprinting and multicomponent quantitative analysis for the quality evaluation of Moutan Cortex.

In this study, we combined network pharmacology, chromatographic fingerprinting and multicomponent quantitative analysis to evaluate the quality of Moutan Cortex (MC). Specifically, through network pharmacology, we obtained a comprehensive understanding of the active components and pharmacological activities of MC. In addition, the method of establishing fingerprint and multicomponent quantification by ultra high-performance liquid chromatography is convenient and comprehensive, and can more fully reflect the overall distribution of various chemical components.

SEDDS facilitate cinnamaldehyde crossing the mucus barrier: The perspective of mucus and Caco-2/HT29 co-culture models.

Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) have potential applications in the delivery of hydrophobic components. Oral drugs are readily captured and cleared by intestinal mucus, a natural barrier that covers the mucosal epithelium and prevents the entry of foreign substances. In this study, we investigated for the first time the ability of SEDDS to deliver the lipophilic aldehyde cinnamaldehyde (CA-SEDDS) in rat mucus, mucin solution, Caco-2 and Caco-2/HT29 co-culture monolayer systems.

Physicochemical evaluation and pharmacodynamics of itraconazole-loaded liquid crystal precursor for vaginal delivery.

Purpose: To develop a liquid crystal (LC) precursor that can be used as a novel vaginal delivery system for Itraconazole (ITZ) and evaluate its pharmacodynamics.

Methods: The LC precursor was prepared by using phytantriol (PYT) as lipid matrix and N, N-dimethylformamide (DMAC) as solvent. Swelling studies were performed to assess the phase conversion ability.

Chemo Proling and Simultaneous Analysis of Different Combinations of Sinomenii Caulis and Ramulus Cinnamomi Using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS, GC-MS and HPLC Methods.

Objective: Sinomenii Caulis (QingFengTeng) and Ramulus Cinnamomi (GuiZhi) are traditional Chinese drugs that have been used for anti-inflammation. In this study, the team plans to find out the material basis of a Chinese herb combination composed of the two herbs with different ratios.

Methods: The extracts of the herbal compound with various ratios obtained from ethanol extraction were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry to identify the basic chemical compounds.

Models to evaluate the barrier properties of mucus during drug diffusion.

Mucus is widely disseminated in the nasal cavity, oral cavity, respiratory tract, eyes, gastrointestinal tract, and reproductive tract to prevent the invasion of pathogenic bacteria and toxins. The mucus layer through its continuous secretion can prevent the passage of macromolecular substances such as pathogenic bacteria and toxins, thereby reducing the occurrence of inflammation. Without a doubt, mucus also hinders oral absorption.

The Evaluations of Menthol and Propylene Glycol on the Transdermal Delivery System of Dual Drug-Loaded Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Gels.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of two different structural alcohol permeation enhancers (menthol and propylene glycol) on the internal structure and in vitro properties of the dual drug-loaded lyotropic liquid crystalline (LLC) gels. The LLC gels were prepared and characterized by polarized light microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectrum, and rheology. Based on the results, the inner structure of the gels was Q mesophase and exhibited a pseudoplastic fluid behavior.

Transdermal Administration of Ibuprofen-Loaded Gel: Preparation, Pharmacokinetic Profile, and Tissue Distribution.

The purpose of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of ibuprofen (IBU) gel in female rats after transdermal administration through the skin of the abdomen and back. IBU was used as the model drug to prepare carbomer gel. After the abdominal and back administration, the concentration of IBU in rat plasma was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Dual drug-loaded cubic liquid crystal gels for transdermal delivery: inner structure and percutaneous mechanism evaluations.

The goal of this paper was to develop and evaluate dual component-loaded with the hydrophilic sinomenine hydrochloride (SH) and lipophilic cinnamaldehyde (CA) cubic liquid crystal gels for transdermal delivery. The gels was prepared with a vortex method using phytantriol/water (70:30, w/w) and characterized by polarized light microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering and rheology. The inner structure of the gels were Pn3m cubic phase and exhibited a pseudoplastic fluid behavior.

A Novel Phytantriol-Based In Situ Liquid Crystal Gel for Vaginal Delivery.

The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the potential of in situ liquid crystal (LC) gels based on phytantriol (PYT) for vaginal delivery. The PYT-based in situ liquid crystal gels (PILGs) were prepared by a vortex method using PYT, ethanol (ET), and water (in the ratio of 64:16:20, w/w). The internal structures of PILGs and cubic LC gels (formed by PILG phase conversion) were confirmed by crossed polarized light microscopy (PLM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS).

Self-assembled hexagonal liquid crystalline gels as novel ocular formulation with enhanced topical delivery of pilocarpine nitrate.

The aim of this paper was to develop hexagonal liquid crystalline (H) gels that can be used as a novel ocular delivery system for pilocarpine nitrate (PN). H gels were prepared by a vortex method using phytantriol/triglyceride/water (71.15: 3.

A Novel Phytantriol-Based Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Gel for Efficient Ophthalmic Delivery of Pilocarpine Nitrate.

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the potential of liquid crystalline (LC) gels for ophthalmic delivery, so as to enhance the bioavailability of pilocarpine nitrate (PN). The gels were prepared by a vortex method using phytantriol and water (in the ratio of 73:27 w/w). Their inner structures were confirmed by crossed polarized light microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectrum, and rheology.